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Difference between revisions of "Piper nigrum - Marica, Black pepper"

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[[File:Kali Mirich (Punjabi- ਕਾਲੀ ਮਿਰਿਚ) (5496551783).jpg|thumb|right|''Black pepper'']]
 
[[File:Kali Mirich (Punjabi- ਕਾਲੀ ਮਿਰਿਚ) (5496551783).jpg|thumb|right|''Black pepper'']]
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'''Black pepper''' is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae. It is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn. When fresh and fully mature, it is about 5 mm in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed, like all drupes.  
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'''Black pepper''' (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn. When fresh and fully mature, it is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed, like all drupes. Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's P. nigrum crop as of 2013.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
 
{{Uses|Improves Digestion}}, {{Uses|Vitiligo}}, {{Uses|Skin disease}}, {{Uses|Peptic Ulcers}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}.
 
{{Uses|Improves Digestion}}, {{Uses|Vitiligo}}, {{Uses|Skin disease}}, {{Uses|Peptic Ulcers}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}.
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==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Eddemunchi, eddemunci, kaalu menasu, karee menasu|ml=cattu-molagoi, kolakam, kuru-milagu, kuru-mulaka|sa=cavyam, dhanwantari, dharmapattana|ta=aguttam, akuttam, alar2, alarkay, alarkaycceti, alarmancal, alivaliyanmani|te=maarichamu, maricamu|hi=chocamirch, filfilgird|en=Black pepper, Madagascar pepper}}
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{{Common names|kn=Eddemunchi, Eddemunci|ml=Cattu-molagoi, Kolakam|sa=Cavyam, Dhanwantari|ta=Aguttam, Akuttam|te=Maarichamu, Maricamu|hi=Chocamirch, Filfilgird|en=Black pepper, Madagascar pepper}}
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Dravya===
 
===Dravya===
 
===Rasa===
 
===Rasa===
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Katu (pungent)
 
===Guna===
 
===Guna===
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Laghu (light), Teekshna (strong, piercing)
 
===Veerya===
 
===Veerya===
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Ushna (hot)
 
===Vipaka===
 
===Vipaka===
−
 
+
Katu (pungent)
 
===Karma===
 
===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
 
===Prabhava===
 
===Prabhava===
  
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|alternative|Oblong|Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Alternative|Oblong|Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|oblong pod|5 mm in diameter||seeds upto 1|Fruiting throughout the year}}
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{{Fruit|Oblong pod|5 mm in diameter||Seeds upto 1|Fruiting throughout the year}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]]
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[[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]], [[Bilvādileha]], [[Trikatu churna]], [[Chandrapraha vati]], [[Marichadi vati]], [[Tribhuvana kirti rasa]], [[Lohaasava]]
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* [[Bilvādileha]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
  
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}
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{{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Seeds}}
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 35°c, but can tolerate 10 - 40°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Trophical region}}, {{Commonly seen|At moist regions}}, {{Commonly seen|At hot regions}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical region}}, {{Commonly seen|Moist region}}, {{Commonly seen|At hot regions}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712116"Constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712116 Chemical Constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.britannica.com/plant/black-pepper-plant"Morphology"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.britannica.com/plant/black-pepper-plant Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Piper+nigrum"Cultivation detail"]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/21/black-pepper-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Piper+nigrum Cultivation detail]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  

Latest revision as of 12:46, 2 April 2022

Black pepper

Black pepper is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae. It is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn. When fresh and fully mature, it is about 5 mm in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed, like all drupes.

Uses

Improves Digestion, Vitiligo, Skin disease, Peptic Ulcers, Asthma, Indigestion.

Parts Used

Seeds, leaves.

Chemical Composition

It contains globulol, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and α-terpinene.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Eddemunchi, Eddemunci
Hindi Chocamirch, Filfilgird
Malayalam Cattu-molagoi, Kolakam
Tamil Aguttam, Akuttam
Telugu Maarichamu, Maricamu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Cavyam, Dhanwantari
English Black pepper, Madagascar pepper


Properties

Reference:Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Katu (pungent)

Guna

Laghu (light), Teekshna (strong, piercing)

Veerya

Ushna (hot)

Vipaka

Katu (pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Climber

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Alternative Oblong Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long White, yellow The small flowers are in dense slender spikes of about 50 blossoms each

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Oblong pod 5 mm in diameter Seeds upto 1 Fruiting throughout the year {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha, Bilvādileha, Trikatu churna, Chandrapraha vati, Marichadi vati, Tribhuvana kirti rasa, Lohaasava [3]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Cuttings, Seeds

How to plant/cultivate

A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres.[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical region, Moist region, At hot regions.

Photo Gallery

  • Maricam (Tamil- மரிசம்) (4956223822).jpg
  • Marich (Nepali- मरिच) (5497132778).jpg
  • Maricham (Kashmiri-मरिचम्) (5461094922).jpg
  • Marichamu (Telugu- మరిచము) (4956221040).jpg
  • Miravel (Marathi- मिरवेल) (4174274000).jpg
  • Kala Mari (કાળા મરી) (5461101770).jpg
  • Kala Marich (Bengali- কালা মরিচ) (5460498005).jpg
  • Kali Mirch (Hindi- काली मिर्च) (5460493657).jpg
  • Kali Mirchi (Marathi- काळी मिरची) (4759089045).jpg
  • Kali Mirich (Punjabi- ਕਾਲੀ ਮਿਰਿਚ) (5496551783).jpg
  • Kali Mirich (Punjabi- ਕਾਲੀ ਮਿਰਿਚ) (5496551783).jpg

References

  1. ↑ Chemical Constituents
  2. ↑ Morphology
  3. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  4. ↑ Cultivation detail

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Piper_nigrum_-_Marica,_Black_pepper&oldid=56894"