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Difference between revisions of "Cajanus cajan - Adhaki, Pegion pea"

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The '''Cajanus cajan''' is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
 
The '''Cajanus cajan''' is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
−
{{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Purifying blood}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Tongue sores}}, {{Uses|Gum inflammation}}, {{Uses|Spongy gums}}, {{Uses|Bedsores}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}.
+
{{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Purifying blood}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Tongue sores}}, {{Uses|Gum inflammation}}, {{Uses|Spongy gums}}, {{Uses|Bedsores}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
−
{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
+
{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
−
Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes. They also contain saponins, conspicuous amount of tannins, and moderate quantities of reducing sugars, resins and terpenoid. Amino acid analysis of the seed extract showed that phenylalanine (26.3% of the total amino acids) is responsible for about 70% of the antisickling potency of the seed extract.
+
Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
−
Seeds also contain riboflavin and pyridoxine. Root bark contains isoflavones, sterols, triterpenoids, flavones, anthraquinone derivatives. Plant also contains an isoflavone, cajanol.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
 
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
−
{{Common names|kn=Togari, Kari Uddu, Togaribele|ml=Thuvara, Tuvara|sa=Tuvari, Adhaki|ta=Tovarai, Thovary|te=Kandulu, Kadulu|hi=Arahad, Arahar|en=Pigeon Pea, Red Gram}}
+
{{Common names|kn=ತೊಗರಿ ಬೆಳೆ Togari bele, ತೊಗರಿ ಕಾಳು Togari kalu|ml=Thuvara, Tuvara|sa=Tuvari, Adhaki|ta=Tovarai, Thovary|te=Kandulu, Kadulu|hi=Arahad, Arahar|en=Pigeon Pea, Red Gram}}<ref name="Common names"/>
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
Line 19: Line 18:
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
−
{{Leaf|Simple|tri-foliolate,lanceolate| Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
+
{{Leaf|Simple|Trifoliolate,lanceolate|Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
−
{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|yellow, papilionaceous|Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae, and resemble, for example, the pea ( Pisum sativum ) flower. Each flower has 10 stamens, 9 of which are fused into a partial tube, with the tenth stamen free. The ovary is positioned above the sepals, petals and stamens. The style is curved}}.
+
{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|Yellow, papilionaceous|Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae. Flowering from August to November}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
−
{{Fruit|straight or sickle|2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm|The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled.  
+
{{Fruit|Straight or sickle|2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm|The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled.||Many seeds|Fruiting from August to December}}
−
 
 
−
|many seeds}}
 
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seed germinate in about 2 weeks. Quite frequently (in India) pigeon pea is grown mixed with other crops or grown in alternate rows with rows of sorghum, groundnuts, sesame, cotton, pineapples, millets or maize.For pure crops pigeon pea should be sown 2.5–5 cm deep in rows 40–120 cm by 30–60 cm.About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. Plants show little response to fertilizers.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
+
Seed germinate in about 2 weeks.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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==References==
 
==References==
−
 
 
<references>
 
<references>
 
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
 
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
−
<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1152177-2 kewscience]</ref>
+
<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1152177-2 Kewscience]</ref>
 +
 
 +
<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/c/cajanus-cajan Common names]</ref>
 +
 
 
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html Purdue university]</ref>
 
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html Purdue university]</ref>
 +
 +
<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.545, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  

Latest revision as of 17:54, 11 January 2022

Cajanus cajan L

The Cajanus cajan is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Uses

Jaundice, Stomachache, Diabetes, Purifying blood, Piles, Tongue sores, Gum inflammation, Spongy gums, Bedsores, Wounds, Malaria[1].

Parts Used

Seed, Leaf[1].

Chemical Composition

Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ತೊಗರಿ ಬೆಳೆ Togari bele, ತೊಗರಿ ಕಾಳು Togari kalu
Hindi Arahad, Arahar
Malayalam Thuvara, Tuvara
Tamil Tovarai, Thovary
Telugu Kandulu, Kadulu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Tuvari, Adhaki
English Pigeon Pea, Red Gram

[3]

Habit

A small erect shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Trifoliolate,lanceolate Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands

.[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14cm long Yellow, papilionaceous Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae. Flowering from August to November {{{5}}}

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Straight or sickle 2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled. Many seeds Fruiting from August to December

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttung.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed germinate in about 2 weeks.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Semi-arid tropics, Humid areas, Cold-free zones.

Photo Gallery

  • Whole tree

  • Nuts

  • Fruit

  • Seeds

  • At feild

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.545, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  2. ↑ Chemical composition
  3. ↑ Common names
  4. ↑ Kewscience
  5. ↑ Purdue university

External Links

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