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Difference between revisions of "Santalum album - Sandal Wood, Chandana"

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[[File:Sandal leaf.jpg|thumb|right|''Sandal leaf'']]
 
[[File:Sandal leaf.jpg|thumb|right|''Sandal leaf'']]
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'''Sandalwood''' is the name of a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. Species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past century. This plant is belongs to Santalaceae family.<ref name="Plant family"/>
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'''Sandalwood''' is the name of a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. Species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past century.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|skin diseases}}, {{Uses|swelling}}, {{Uses|itching}}, {{Uses|eczemas}}, {{Uses|acne}}, {{Uses|bronchitis}}, {{Uses|fever}}, {{Uses|headache}}, {{Uses|gastric problem}}, {{Uses|chronic cough}}, {{Uses|scabies}}, {{Uses|gonorrhoea}}.
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{{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Swelling}}, {{Uses|Itching}}, {{Uses|Eczema}}, {{Uses|Acne}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Headache}}, {{Uses|Gastric problem}}, {{Uses|Chronic cough}}, {{Uses|Scabies}}, {{Uses|Gonorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Blood purifier}}.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Sandal wood oil contains mixture of two isomers α and β-santolol (90%), α and β-santalene, santalone, santanone, isovaleraldehvde, α and β-santalic acids<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Sandal wood oil contains mixture of two isomers α and β-santolol (90%), α and β-santalene, santalone, santanone, isovaleraldehvde, α and β-santalic acids.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Agarugandha, bavanna|ml=Chandanam, chandana-mutti|sa=|ta=Anukkam, Asam|te=Bhadrasri|hi=Chandan|en=Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood}}
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{{Common names|kn=ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧ Srigandha|ml=Chandanam, Chandana-mutti|sa=Chandanam|ta=Anukkam, Asam|te=Bhadrasri|hi=Chandan|pa=Chandan|en=Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood}}<ref name="Common names"/>
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|oval|The oval leaves are thin, oppositely arranged. Smooth surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale Underside}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Oval|The oval leaves are thin, oppositely arranged. Smooth surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale Underside}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow or reddish|5|The flowers and wood of sandalwood are harvested for the plant’s fragrant essential oil}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow or reddish|5|The flowers and wood of sandalwood are harvested for the plant’s fragrant essential oil. Flowering season is February to October}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Simple|7–10 cm|Fruit is produced after three years||five}}
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{{Fruit|Simple|7–10 cm|Fruit is produced after three years||Five|Fruiting season is February to October}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Stony hills area}}, {{Commonly seen|Stony meadows}}
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Sandalwood.jpg
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File:(Pterocarpus santalinus) red sandalwood tree at IG Zoo Park in Visakhapatnam 03.jpg
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File:Sandalwood harvest.jpg
 
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Sandal fruit.jpg
 
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Sandal leaf.jpg
 
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SandalwoodEssOil.png
 
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Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0023.jpg
 
Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0023.jpg
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Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0025.jpg
 
Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0025.jpg
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Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0027.jpg
 
Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0027.jpg
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File:(Pterocarpus santalinus) red sandalwood tree at IG Zoo Park in Visakhapatnam 02.jpg
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/biology/plants/sandal-wood-oil-sources-macroscopical-characters-and-uses/49822 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/biology/plants/sandal-wood-oil-sources-macroscopical-characters-and-uses/49822 Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of  Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 332</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sandalwood.html "plant description"]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/s/santalum-album Common names]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://agrifarmingtips.com/sandalwood-tree-cultivation/ Cutlivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://agrifarmingtips.com/sandalwood-tree-cultivation/ "cutlivation details"]</ref>
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<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:131</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Repeat plant]]

Latest revision as of 12:14, 25 May 2021

Sandal leaf

Sandalwood is the name of a class of woods from trees in the genus Santalum. Species of these slow-growing trees have suffered over-harvesting in the past century. This plant is belongs to Santalaceae family.[1]

Uses

Skin diseases, Swelling, Itching, Eczema, Acne, Bronchitis, Fever, Headache, Gastric problem, Chronic cough, Scabies, Gonorrhoea, Blood purifier.

Parts Used

Leaves, Stem.

Chemical Composition

Sandal wood oil contains mixture of two isomers α and β-santolol (90%), α and β-santalene, santalone, santanone, isovaleraldehvde, α and β-santalic acids.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ಶ್ರೀಗಂಧ Srigandha
Hindi Chandan
Malayalam Chandanam, Chandana-mutti
Tamil Anukkam, Asam
Telugu Bhadrasri
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi Chandan
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Chandanam
English Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood

[3]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Sheeta (clod)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Oval The oval leaves are thin, oppositely arranged. Smooth surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale Underside

[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow or reddish 5 The flowers and wood of sandalwood are harvested for the plant’s fragrant essential oil. Flowering season is February to October

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Simple 7–10 cm Fruit is produced after three years Five Fruiting season is February to October

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

If you are planning for the sandalwood tree cultivation then you may require well-drained soils which have a good organic object. The red sandy loam soils are also suitable for the sandalwood tree and you get the high yield crop.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Stony hills area, Stony meadows

Photo Gallery

  • (Pterocarpus santalinus) red sandalwood tree at IG Zoo Park in Visakhapatnam 03.jpg
  • Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0023.jpg
  • Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0025.jpg
  • Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0027.jpg
  • (Pterocarpus santalinus) red sandalwood tree at IG Zoo Park in Visakhapatnam 02.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:131
  2. ↑ Chemical constituents
  3. ↑ Common names
  4. ↑ Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 332
  5. ↑ Cutlivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Santalum_album_-_Sandal_Wood,_Chandana&oldid=54910"