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Difference between revisions of "Actaea racemosa - Black cohosh"

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[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
 
[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
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'''Black Cohosh''' has been used by Native Americans for more than '''two hundred years''', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''.
  
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Kidney problems}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}, {{Uses|Rheumatoid arthritis}}, {{Uses|Joint inflammation}}, {{Uses|Sore throat}}, {{Uses|Menstrual cramps}}, {{Uses|Menopause}}.
  
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'''Black Cohosh''' has been used by Native Americans for more than two ''hundred years'', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbances''.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Dried Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Flowers}}.
  
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==Chemical Composition==
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Black cohosh contains cimicifugin (macrotin) which has estrogenic effects.  Also found in assay are acetein (antihypertensive effects) and ferulic/isoferulic acids (anti-inflammatory effects).  The following components can also be found:  isoflavones, salicyclic acid, tannins, resins, starch, and sugars<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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== USES ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Black snake root, Bugbane}}
  
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Native Americans used black cohosh to treat gynecological and other disorders, including sore throats, kidney problems, and depression.Following the arrival of European settlers in the U.S. who continued the medicinal usage of black cohosh, the plant appeared in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1830 under the name “black snakeroot”. In 1844 A. racemosa gained popularity when John King, an eclectic physician, used it to treat rheumatism and nervous disorders. Other eclectic physicians of the mid-nineteenth century used black cohosh for a variety of maladies, including endometritis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, sterility, severe after-birth pains, and for increased breast milk production.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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===Rasa===
  
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== SIDE EFFECTS ==
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===Guna===
  
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*According to Cancer Research UK: "Doctors are worried that using black cohosh long term may cause thickening of the womb lining. This could lead to an increased risk of womb cancer." They also caution that people with liver problems should not take it as it can damage the liver, although a 2011 meta-analysis of research evidence suggested this concern may be unfounded.
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===Veerya===
  
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===Vipaka===
  
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===Karma===
  
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|large|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular||Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, fairly heavy soil. It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the common name "Bugbane"<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|At dry locations}}, {{Commonly seen|At hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Forest clearings}}.
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.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Cimicifuga racemosa 001.jpg|Whole herb
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File:Cimicifuga racemosa 002.jpg|Leaves
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File:Actaea racemosa 002.JPG|Stem
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File:Actaea racemosa 003.JPG|Flowers
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File:Actaea racemosa 001.JPG|Whole herb
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File:Actaea racemosa 004.JPG|Fruits
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File:Actaea racemosa 006.JPG|Fruits
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.chiro.org/nutrition/ABSTRACTS/What_is_Black_Cohosh.shtml Chemical Composition]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ Plant Description]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_racemosa Cultivation]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/black-cohosh#2 Black Cohosh: Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects]
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* [https://draxe.com/black-cohosh/ Relieve Menopause Symptoms & More with Black Cohosh]
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* [https://altnature.com/gallery/blackcohosh.htm Black Cohosh Herb Uses and Medicinal Properties]
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* [https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-857/black-cohosh Overview Information of racemosa inflorescence]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Ranunculaceae]]

Latest revision as of 11:12, 9 November 2020

Actaea racemosa inflorescence, Black cohosh

Black Cohosh has been used by Native Americans for more than two hundred years, after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve menstrual cramps and symptoms of menopause.

Uses

Kidney problems, Malaria, Rheumatoid arthritis, Joint inflammation, Sore throat, Menstrual cramps, Menopause.

Parts Used

Dried Roots, Leaves, Flowers.

Chemical Composition

Black cohosh contains cimicifugin (macrotin) which has estrogenic effects. Also found in assay are acetein (antihypertensive effects) and ferulic/isoferulic acids (anti-inflammatory effects). The following components can also be found: isoflavones, salicyclic acid, tannins, resins, starch, and sugars[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Black snake root, Bugbane


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Procumbent herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
large Alternate, Pinnate The leaves are with deeply-cut segments

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14-18cm long Yellow, Circular Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe seeds many, ovoid. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, fairly heavy soil. It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the common name "Bugbane"[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

At dry locations, At hedges, Forest clearings. .

Photo Gallery

  • Whole herb

  • Leaves

  • Stem

  • Flowers

  • Whole herb

  • Fruits

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ Chemical Composition
  2. ↑ Plant Description
  3. ↑ Cultivation

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Actaea_racemosa_-_Black_cohosh&oldid=53550"