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Difference between revisions of "Senegalia catechu - Khadira"

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[[File:Khair (Acacia catechu) leaves & fruits at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7263.jpg|thumb|right|''Senegalia catechu'', ''Khadira'']]
 
[[File:Khair (Acacia catechu) leaves & fruits at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7263.jpg|thumb|right|''Senegalia catechu'', ''Khadira'']]
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'''Senegalia catechu''' is a deciduous thorny tree which grows up to 15 m in height.
  
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'''Senegalia catechu'''or '''Khadira''' is a deciduous, thorny tree which grows up to 15 m (50 ft) in height. The plant is called khair in Hindi, and kachu in Malay, hence the name was Latinized to "catechu" in Linnaean taxonomy, as the type-species from which the extracts cutch and catechu are derived. Common names for it include '''kher, khair, catechu, cachou, cutchtree, black cutch, and black catechu'''.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Chronic catarrh}}, {{Uses|Chronic diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Foliage}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}.
  
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Through derivatives of the flavanols in its extracts, the species has lent its name to the important catechins, catechols and catecholamines of chemistry and biology.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Flowers}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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== Uses ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Catechin, catechu-tannic acid and tannin, Hydroxy benzoic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, 3,4',7-trihydroxyl-3', 5-dimethoxyflavone, catechin, epicatechin, afzelechin, epiafzelechin, mesquitol, ophioglonin, aromadendrin, and phenol<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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*The heart wood and bark of the tree are used in traditional medicine.[8] A wood extract called catechu is used in traditional medicine for sore throats and diarrhea.
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==Common names==
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*The concentrated aqueous extract, known as khayer gum or cutch, is astringent. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine.<ref name="uses"/> In ayurveda, it is used for rasayana (rejuvenation treatments).
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{{Common names|sa=Gaayatri|en=Black catechu, Cutch tree.|gu=Khair, Kathe, Kher|hi=Khair|kn=Kaggali, Kaggalinara, Kachinamara, Koggigida |ks=Kath|ml=Karingali|mr=Khaira, Khair|pa=Khair|ta=Karungali, Karungkali|te=Chandra, Kaviri}}
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*It is also used for its actions like anti-dyslipidemic, anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic, anti-pruritic, coolant, taste promoting, enhancing digestion and curing skin disorders.
 
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*It is also used as a teeth cleaning twig.
 
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*The tree's seeds are a good source of protein. Kattha (catechu), an extract of its heartwood, is used as an ingredient to give red color and typical flavor to paan.
 
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*The tree is often planted for use as firewood and charcoal and its wood is highly valued for furniture and tools.<ref name="uses"/>
 
  
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==Common name==
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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* '''English''' - cachou
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===Rasa===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಕಾಚು
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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* '''Hindi''' - Khair
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Deciduous tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Bipinnate|Alternate|Leaves 2-pinnate, pinnae 40-80, leaflets 60-100, small ligulate}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Flowers small, pale yellow or white in cylindrical axillary spikes}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Flat pod|5-10 x 1-1.6 cm||flat, straight, unlobed or sinuate along margins, thin walled, beaked at apex, brown, narrowed at base into a stipe, dehiscent; seeds 3-10, orbicular or ovate, flattened.|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 +
* [[Khadiradi gutika]]
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* [[Khadirarishtam]]
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* [[Khadiradi vati]]
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* [[Dashamoolarishtam]]
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* [[Khadiradi kashaya]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
 +
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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A plant for sub-tropical to tropical areas, tolerating a minimum temperature of about 7c. It is especially common in the drier regions, but can also be grown in the more humid climates of South-East Asia at elevations from sea-level to about 1,500 metres<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 +
{{Commonly seen|On well drained soil areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Open areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Drier areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Sandy soil areas}}.
 +
 
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==Photo Gallery==
 +
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Acacia cartechu TSV 1246.JPG
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 +
Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 01.JPG
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Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 02.JPG
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Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 03.JPG
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Acacia catechu 01.JPG
  
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== References ==
 
 
   
 
   
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<references>
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Acacia catechu 02.JPG
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<ref name="uses">[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/v8879e05.htm "Fao.org"]</ref>
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</gallery>
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==References==
 +
 
 +
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20822013 "Chemical constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.mpbd.info/plants/acacia-catechu.php "plant decsription"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Senegalia+catechu "Cultivation details"]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/12/27/khadira-acacia-catechu-uses-qualities-ayurveda-details/ "Ayurvedic preparations"]</ref>
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</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/black-catechu Senegalia catechu on planet ayurveda]
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* [http://www.alwaysayurveda.com/acacia-catechu/ Senegalia catechu on always ayurveda]
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* [http://www.frienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/file/pdfs/Khair.pdf Senegalia catechu on frienvis.nic.in]
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegalia_catechu Senegalia catechu-Wikipedia]
 
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]

Latest revision as of 10:35, 13 June 2019

Senegalia catechu, Khadira

Senegalia catechu is a deciduous thorny tree which grows up to 15 m in height.

Uses

Chronic catarrh, Chronic diarrhoea, Dysentery, Foliage, Skin eruptions.

Parts Used

Flowers, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Catechin, catechu-tannic acid and tannin, Hydroxy benzoic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, 3,4',7-trihydroxyl-3', 5-dimethoxyflavone, catechin, epicatechin, afzelechin, epiafzelechin, mesquitol, ophioglonin, aromadendrin, and phenol[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Kaggali, Kaggalinara, Kachinamara, Koggigida
Hindi Khair
Malayalam Karingali
Tamil Karungali, Karungkali
Telugu Chandra, Kaviri
Marathi Khaira, Khair
Gujarathi Khair, Kathe, Kher
Punjabi Khair
Kashmiri Kath
Sanskrit Gaayatri
English Black catechu, Cutch tree.


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Sheeta (cold)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Deciduous tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Bipinnate Alternate Leaves 2-pinnate, pinnae 40-80, leaflets 60-100, small ligulate

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual 2-4cm long Yellow 5-20 Flowers small, pale yellow or white in cylindrical axillary spikes

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Flat pod 5-10 x 1-1.6 cm flat, straight, unlobed or sinuate along margins, thin walled, beaked at apex, brown, narrowed at base into a stipe, dehiscent; seeds 3-10, orbicular or ovate, flattened. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[3]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

A plant for sub-tropical to tropical areas, tolerating a minimum temperature of about 7c. It is especially common in the drier regions, but can also be grown in the more humid climates of South-East Asia at elevations from sea-level to about 1,500 metres[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

On well drained soil areas, Open areas, Drier areas, Sandy soil areas.

Photo Gallery

  • Acacia cartechu TSV 1246.JPG
  • Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 01.JPG
  • Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 02.JPG
  • Acacia catechu - കരിങ്ങാലി 03.JPG
  • Acacia catechu 01.JPG
  • Acacia catechu 02.JPG

References

  1. ↑ "Chemical constituents"
  2. ↑ "plant decsription"
  3. ↑ "Ayurvedic preparations"
  4. ↑ "Cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Senegalia_catechu_-_Khadira&oldid=40571"