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[[File:നാഗപ്പൂവു്.jpg|thumb|right|''Nāgakesara'']]
 
[[File:നാഗപ്പൂവു്.jpg|thumb|right|''Nāgakesara'']]
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'''Mesua ferrea''' is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is native to wet, tropical parts of Sri Lanka, India, southern Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines, Malaysia and Sumatra.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Urinary tract infection}}, {{Uses|Gout}}, {{Uses|Itching}}, {{Uses|Swelling}},{{Uses|Inflammatory disease}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Excess thirst}}<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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Mesua ferrea (Sri Lankan ironwood, Indian rose chestnut, or cobra's saffron) is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental due to its graceful shape, grayish-green foliage with a beautiful pink to red flush of drooping young leaves, and large, fragrant white flowers. It is native to wet, tropical parts of Sri Lanka, India, southern Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines, Malaysia and Sumatra, where it grows in evergreen forests, especially in river valleys. In the eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats in India it grows up to altitudes of 1,500 m (4,900 ft), while in Sri Lanka up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Dried folaige}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Flower}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds oil}}.
  
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==Chemical Composition==
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Contains Volatile oils, Flavonoids, Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Tiliroside, Triterpene glycosides including euscapic acid and Tormentic acid, Phenolic acids, and 3%–21% tannins.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Kesara, Naagakeshara, Naagachampa, Naagasampige|ml=Behettachampagam, Bellutta-tsjampakam, Beluttachampagam|sa=Nagkesara, Nagpushpa|ta=Naagalingam, Aicilam, Aicilanakappu, Akiputam|te=Chikatimanu, Cikatimanu, Gajapushpamu,|hi=Gajapushpam, Nag-kesar|en=Ironwood}}
  
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== Medicinal uses ==
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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#Bastirogahara – useful in urinary tract disorders
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===Rasa===
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#Vishahara – Anti toxic
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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#Vatasrahara – useful in gout
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===Guna===
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#Kandughna – useful in relieving pruritis (excessive itching)
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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#Shophahara – relieves swelling, edema, anti inflammatory
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===Veerya===
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#Ama Pachana – Digestive, relieves Ama Dosha
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Ushna (Hot)
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#Jvarahara – useful in fever
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===Vipaka===
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#Trushnahara – Relieves thirst
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Katu (Pungent)
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#Chardihara – relieves vomiting
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===Karma===
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#Hrullasa – relieves nausea
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Kapha, Vata
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#Daurgandhyahara – relieves bad breath, excess sweating
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===Prabhava===
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#Kushtahara – useful in skin diseases
 
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#Visarpahara – useful in herpes
 
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#Sheersharujahara – useful in headache
 
  
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*The Seed oil applied externally to relieve pain and inflammation.
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Tree}}
  
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Lanceolate|The leaves are divided into 3-6 toothed leaflets, with smaller leaflets in between}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|White|5-20|Flowers fragrant white, large and solitary or in clusters. Flowering from February to May}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Ovoid|7–10 mm|Fruits ovoid with persistent calyx|Dark brown with oily and fleshy cotyledons|1-4|Fruiting from May to October}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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[[Mahanarayana taila]], [[Puga Khanda]], [[Gulgulvasavam]], [[Mahadraksha]], [[Shringarabhra rasa]], [[Amrita Praasha]], [[Amrita Bhallataki]], [[Amritaarishta]], [[Ayapaan]], [[Arimedaadi taila]], [[Yelaadi Churna]], [[Ashwagandharishta]], [[Kandamoola Rasaayana]], [[Kanakaasava]], [[Kalyanaka Gritam]], [[Kumariyaasava]], [[Kumaaryasava]], [[Kesha sanjivini Taila]], [[Khadiraarishta]], [[Chandanaadi tailam]]. [[Chavanaprash]], [[Jatiphaladi Churnam]], [[Jeeraka Bilvadi Lehyam]], [[Jeerakaadyarishta]], [[Triphaladi Lehyam]], [[Nilibringaraja Taila]], [[Narasimha Lehyam]], [[Phalasugandhi Lehya]], [[Pippaliyaasava]], [[Bilvaadi lehya]], [[Babbulaarishta]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic Medicine"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seed - easy to handle in the nursery with a germination that is good and rapid. Seedling germination is hypogeal.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Mountains of eastern himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|East bengal}}, {{Commonly seen|Wetland of Assam}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Ceylon Ironwood tree (2209476856).jpg
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Flowers of Mesua ferrea Kaziranga TR AJTJ P1010329.JPG
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Gardenology.org-IMG 7287 qsbg11mar.jpg
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Gardenology.org-IMG 7288 qsbg11mar.jpg
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Gardenology.org-IMG 7289 qsbg11mar.jpg
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Herh-sê (in Mizo) (3716711845).jpg
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File:Mesua ferrea 10.JPG|Fruits
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File:Mesua ferrea seeds.jpg|Seeds
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874112006393?via%3Dihub Sciencedirect]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-uses-of-nagkesarmesua/336/ Plant description]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic Medicine">"Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2" by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.125, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mesua+ferrea Cultivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2 by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No. 399</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/292_.pdf  Mesua ferrea linn on ijrap.net]
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* [https://www.naturepowertec.in/2018/03/cannonball-tree-naga-pushpa-or.html Cannonball tree naga pushpa or nagalingam flower and fruits]
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* [https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-uses-of-nagkesarmesua/336/ Medicinal Uses of Nagkesar/Mesua ]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Calophyllaceae]]

Latest revision as of 16:42, 2 June 2023

Nāgakesara

Mesua ferrea is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is native to wet, tropical parts of Sri Lanka, India, southern Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines, Malaysia and Sumatra.

Uses

Urinary tract infection, Gout, Itching, Swelling,Inflammatory disease, Indigestion, Fever, Excess thirst[1]

Parts Used

Dried folaige, Whole herb, Leaf, Bark, Flower, Seeds oil.

Chemical Composition

Contains Volatile oils, Flavonoids, Apigenin, Luteolin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Tiliroside, Triterpene glycosides including euscapic acid and Tormentic acid, Phenolic acids, and 3%–21% tannins.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Kesara, Naagakeshara, Naagachampa, Naagasampige
Hindi Gajapushpam, Nag-kesar
Malayalam Behettachampagam, Bellutta-tsjampakam, Beluttachampagam
Tamil Naagalingam, Aicilam, Aicilanakappu, Akiputam
Telugu Chikatimanu, Cikatimanu, Gajapushpamu,
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Nagkesara, Nagpushpa
English Ironwood


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Lanceolate The leaves are divided into 3-6 toothed leaflets, with smaller leaflets in between

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long White 5-20 Flowers fragrant white, large and solitary or in clusters. Flowering from February to May

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Ovoid 7–10 mm Fruits ovoid with persistent calyx Dark brown with oily and fleshy cotyledons 1-4 Fruiting from May to October

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Mahanarayana taila, Puga Khanda, Gulgulvasavam, Mahadraksha, Shringarabhra rasa, Amrita Praasha, Amrita Bhallataki, Amritaarishta, Ayapaan, Arimedaadi taila, Yelaadi Churna, Ashwagandharishta, Kandamoola Rasaayana, Kanakaasava, Kalyanaka Gritam, Kumariyaasava, Kumaaryasava, Kesha sanjivini Taila, Khadiraarishta, Chandanaadi tailam. Chavanaprash, Jatiphaladi Churnam, Jeeraka Bilvadi Lehyam, Jeerakaadyarishta, Triphaladi Lehyam, Nilibringaraja Taila, Narasimha Lehyam, Phalasugandhi Lehya, Pippaliyaasava, Bilvaadi lehya, Babbulaarishta [4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed - easy to handle in the nursery with a germination that is good and rapid. Seedling germination is hypogeal.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Mountains of eastern himalayas, East bengal, Wetland of Assam.

Photo Gallery

  • Ceylon Ironwood tree (2209476856).jpg
  • Flowers of Mesua ferrea Kaziranga TR AJTJ P1010329.JPG
  • Gardenology.org-IMG 7287 qsbg11mar.jpg
  • Gardenology.org-IMG 7288 qsbg11mar.jpg
  • Gardenology.org-IMG 7289 qsbg11mar.jpg
  • Herh-sê (in Mizo) (3716711845).jpg

  • Fruits

  • Seeds

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2 by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No. 399
  2. ↑ Sciencedirect
  3. ↑ Plant description
  4. ↑ "Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2" by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.125, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru.
  5. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Mesua_ferrea_linn_-_Nagapushpa&oldid=57376"