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Difference between revisions of "Cajanus cajan - Adhaki, Pegion pea"

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[[File:Adhaki.jpg|thumb|right|''Cajanus cajan L'']]
 
[[File:Adhaki.jpg|thumb|right|''Cajanus cajan L'']]
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The '''Cajanus cajan''' is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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The ''''Cajanus cajan''' is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Jaundice,}}, {{Uses|Stomach pain}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Purifying blood}}, {{Uses|piles}}, {{Uses|tongue sores}}, {{Uses|Gum inflammation}}, {{Uses|Spongy gums}},{{Uses|bedsores}}, {{Uses|wounds}}, {{Uses|maleria}}.
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{{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Purifying blood}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Tongue sores}}, {{Uses|Gum inflammation}}, {{Uses|Spongy gums}}, {{Uses|Bedsores}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
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{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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The Artocarpus species are rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Togari, Kari Uddu, Togaribele|ml=Thuvara, Tuvara|sa=Tuvari, Adhaki|ta=Tovarai, Thovary|te=Kandulu, Kadulu|hi=Arahad, Arahar|en=Pigeon Pea, Red Gram}}
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{{Common names|kn=ತೊಗರಿ ಬೆಳೆ Togari bele, ತೊಗರಿ ಕಾಳು Togari kalu|ml=Thuvara, Tuvara|sa=Tuvari, Adhaki|ta=Tovarai, Thovary|te=Kandulu, Kadulu|hi=Arahad, Arahar|en=Pigeon Pea, Red Gram}}<ref name="Common names"/>
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|Tree}}
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{{Habit|A small erect shrub}}
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|lanceolate|alternate, spiral, clustered at twigs end, tawny hirsute, caducous, leaving annular scar}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Trifoliolate,lanceolate|Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|Pendulous, Ovoid||male flowers in axillary spikes, pendulous; female flowers in axillary spikes, ovoid}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|Yellow, papilionaceous|Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae. Flowering from August to November}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
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{{Fruit|Straight or sickle|2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm|The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled.||Many seeds|Fruiting from August to December}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Airlayers}}.
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttung}}.
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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In terms of taking care of the plant, minimal pruning is required Cutting off dead branches from the interior of the tree is only sometimes needed. In addition, twigs bearing fruit must be twisted or cut down to the trunk to induce growth for the next season. Branches should be pruned every three to four years to maintain its productivity.
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Seed germinate in about 2 weeks.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Stingless bees such as Tetragonula iridipennis are jackfruit pollinators, and as such, play an important role in jackfruit cultivation.
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Western Ghats}}, {{Commonly seen|Malabar Coast}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Semi-arid tropics}}, {{Commonly seen|Humid areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Cold-free zones}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus immature fruits from Tuvvur, Kerala, India.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus unripe fruit
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File:Cajanus cajan.jpg|Whole tree
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fruit.jpg|The ripe fruit of Jungle Jack
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File:Cajan2.jpg|Nuts
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലി.jpg|unripe fruits in a tree
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File:Cajan3.jpg|Fruit
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലിപ്പഴം.jpg|The ripe fruit of Anhili with the outer skin removed.
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File:Cajan4.jpg|Seeds
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File:രണ്ട് ഐനിച്ചക്കകൾ.jpg|ripe fruits
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File:Cajan5.JPG|At feild
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File:ഐനിച്ചക്ക.jpg|a ripe fruit
 
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലി ചക്ക അഥവാ ഐനി ചക്ക.jpg|semi-ripe Anhili fruit.
 
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection
 
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close up.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close-up
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1152177-2 Kewscience]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/c/cajanus-cajan Common names]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html Purdue university]</ref>
  
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<references>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.545, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 "ethnopharmacology"]</ref>
 
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 "morphology"]</ref>
 
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [http://frlhtenvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/Artocarpus_hirsutus_1636.aspx Artocarpus hirsutus on ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Medicinal Plants]
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* [http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/diseases-pigeon-pea Pigeon pea on Agropedia]
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* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 Artocarpus hirsutus on India Biodiversity Portal]
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* [https://plantvillage.org/topics/pigeon-pea/infos Pigeon pea on PlantVillage]
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 Artocarpus: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology]
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* [https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html Cajanus cajun - purdue.edu]
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* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d5c0/67efca6a605cfebce2ad4b6a8a702887ccca.pdf Artocarpus: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology]
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* [https://www.feedipedia.org/node/22444 Cajanus cajun on Feedipedia]
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* [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.381.143&rep=rep1&type=pdf Pharmacognostical studies on the bark of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam]
 
  
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[[Category:Herbs]
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[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]

Latest revision as of 17:54, 11 January 2022

Cajanus cajan L

The Cajanus cajan is a perennial legume from the Fabaceae family. Since its domestication in India at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Uses

Jaundice, Stomachache, Diabetes, Purifying blood, Piles, Tongue sores, Gum inflammation, Spongy gums, Bedsores, Wounds, Malaria[1].

Parts Used

Seed, Leaf[1].

Chemical Composition

Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ತೊಗರಿ ಬೆಳೆ Togari bele, ತೊಗರಿ ಕಾಳು Togari kalu
Hindi Arahad, Arahar
Malayalam Thuvara, Tuvara
Tamil Tovarai, Thovary
Telugu Kandulu, Kadulu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Tuvari, Adhaki
English Pigeon Pea, Red Gram

[3]

Habit

A small erect shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Trifoliolate,lanceolate Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands

.[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14cm long Yellow, papilionaceous Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae. Flowering from August to November {{{5}}}

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Straight or sickle 2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled. Many seeds Fruiting from August to December

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttung.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed germinate in about 2 weeks.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Semi-arid tropics, Humid areas, Cold-free zones.

Photo Gallery

  • Whole tree

  • Nuts

  • Fruit

  • Seeds

  • At feild

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.545, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  2. ↑ Chemical composition
  3. ↑ Common names
  4. ↑ Kewscience
  5. ↑ Purdue university

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Cajanus_cajan_-_Adhaki,_Pegion_pea&oldid=56400"