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Difference between revisions of "Bridelia retusa - Ekavira"

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[[File:Mulluvenga (Malayalam- മുള്ളുവേങ്ങ) (2957650349).jpg|thumb|right|''Ekavira'', ''Bridelia retusa'']]
 
[[File:Mulluvenga (Malayalam- മുള്ളുവേങ്ങ) (2957650349).jpg|thumb|right|''Ekavira'', ''Bridelia retusa'']]
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'''Ekavira''' is a deciduous tree, usually growing up to 10 metres tall but occasionally to 20 metres. The bole is up to 30cm in diameter, armed with scattered, pointed thorns up to 4cm long. Trees may or may not possess spines on the trunk.The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food and source of a good quality wood.
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'''Ekavira''' is a deciduous tree. Usually it grows up to 10 metres tall but occasionally to 20 metres. The bole is up to 30cm in diameter. Trees may or may not possess spines on the trunk.The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food and source of a good quality wood.
  
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
 
{{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}
 
{{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}
 
<ref name="Uses"/>
 
<ref name="Uses"/>
 +
 +
===Food===
 +
Ekavira can be used in food. Ripe fruits are eaten raw<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
 
{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
 
{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
 +
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
 +
The bark contains 16–40% tannin. Presence of a triterpene ketone in the bark is reported. Ripe fruit
 +
pulp contains beta-sitosterol and gallic and ellagic acids. <ref name="Chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=garige, havugandha, mullabengha, mulluhonne, siruhonne|ml=mulluvenga, mullangayam, komanci|sa=asana, ekadivi, ekavira, mahavira, pasanabheda, sakridvira, suvarika|ta=acavai, adamarudu, malaivengai, mullumarathu, mulluvengai|te=bontavegi, dudimaddi, errabottuka, mulu maddi, peddaanem,  putta karakasalaaka|hi=ekdania, kasai|en=}}
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{{Common names|kn=Garige, Havugandha, Mullabengha, Mulluhonne, Siruhonne|ml=Mulluvenga, Mullangayam, Komanci|sa=Akadivi, Ekavira, Mahavira, Pasanabheda, Sakridvira, Suvarika|ta=Acavai, Adamarudu, Malaivengai, Mullumarathu, Mulluvengai|te=Bontavegi, Dudimaddi, Errabottuka, Mulu maddi, Peddaanem,  Putta Karakasalaaka|hi=Ekdania, Kasai|en=}}.<ref name="Common names"/>
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<ref name="Common names"/>
 
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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Pitta, Vata
 
Pitta, Vata
 
===Prabhava===
 
===Prabhava===
 +
 +
===Nutritional components===
 +
Bridelia retusa contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-A, E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|5-22 x 3-11 cm, broadly elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong, obovate or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse retuse or subacute, base round, obtuse, truncate, cordate or acute, margin entire or slightly crenulate, bright green and glabrous above(turning pinkish-brown before falling), glaucous and usually finely tomentose beneath, coriaceous; stipules 7 mm long, lateral, lanceolate, deciduous; petiole 9-15 mm long, stout, pubescent when young; lateral nerves 14-25 pairs, parallel, prominent, dichotomously forked near the margin, intercostae scalariform, prominent.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|5-22 x 3-11 cm, broadly elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|unisexual|axillary or terminal dense clusters|greenish yellow|5|some times paniculate spikes often exceeding the leaves; bracts scaly. Male flowers: 7 mm across, tepals 10, biseriate, valvate; outer tepals 3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, thick, truncate, shortly connate, acute, inner ones 2 mm, obovate, cuneate, obtuse, fimbriate; stamens 5, monadelphous, born on a gonophore, exserted; filaments 0.7 mm, anthers oblong; pistillode bifurcate; disc annular. Female flowers: 6.5 mm across, tepals 10, biseriate, lanceolate, valvate; outer and inner 2.5 and 1.5 mm long, coriaceous, puberulous without, truncate, shortly connate, fimbriate, acute; ovary half inferior, globose, 2 x 1 mm, 2-locular, ovules 2 in each cell; styles 2, forked, 2 mm; stigmatiferous; disc with an inner, membranous, fimbriate corona enclosing basal part of ovary.}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|Axillary or terminal dense clusters|Greenish yellow|5|Some times paniculate spikes often exceeding the leaves.}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|A drupe|7 - 8 mm||purplish-black, seated on the persistent, slightly enlarged calyx, pyrenes 2, epicarp crustaceous; seed one in each pyrene.|}}
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{{Fruit|A drupe|7 - 8 mm||Purplish-black, seated on the persistent, slightly enlarged calyx, pyrenes 2, epicarp crustaceous; seed one in each pyrene.|}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
  
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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==Cultivation Details==
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Acid treatment before sowing. Should be planted in the full sun; no aftercare is necessary<ref name="Cultivation details"/>. Ekavira is available through June to December<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
 +
==Season to grow==
  
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===Season to grow===
 
  
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===Soil type===
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==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
 +
<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
  
 +
==Kind of soil needed==
  
−
===Propagation===
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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==References==
 
==References==
−
 
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
 
<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2011/08/bridelia-retusa.html Uses]</ref>
 
<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2011/08/bridelia-retusa.html Uses]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
 
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
 
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Cultivation details">[http://www.plantekey.com/plants/euphorbiaceae/bridelia-retusa Cultivation details]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[Required Ecosystem/Climate]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.32, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Bridelia+retusa]  
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Bridelia+retusa Bridelia retusa on the ferns.info]  
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* [http://wildedibles.teriin.org/index.php?album=Wild-edibles/Fruits/Bridelia-retusa]
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* [http://wildedibles.teriin.org/index.php?album=Wild-edibles/Fruits/Bridelia-retusa Bridelia retusa on wild edibles.teriin.org]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Latest revision as of 18:17, 21 October 2021

Ekavira, Bridelia retusa

Ekavira is a deciduous tree. Usually it grows up to 10 metres tall but occasionally to 20 metres. The bole is up to 30cm in diameter. Trees may or may not possess spines on the trunk.The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food and source of a good quality wood.

Uses

Diarrhea, Dysentery, Arthritis, Diabetes, Hemorrhoids, Wound healing [1]

Food

Ekavira can be used in food. Ripe fruits are eaten raw[2].

Parts Used

Bark, Leaves

Chemical Composition

The bark contains 16–40% tannin. Presence of a triterpene ketone in the bark is reported. Ripe fruit pulp contains beta-sitosterol and gallic and ellagic acids. [3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Garige, Havugandha, Mullabengha, Mulluhonne, Siruhonne
Hindi Ekdania, Kasai
Malayalam Mulluvenga, Mullangayam, Komanci
Tamil Acavai, Adamarudu, Malaivengai, Mullumarathu, Mulluvengai
Telugu Bontavegi, Dudimaddi, Errabottuka, Mulu maddi, Peddaanem, Putta Karakasalaaka
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Akadivi, Ekavira, Mahavira, Pasanabheda, Sakridvira, Suvarika
English

.[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Oily)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Karma

Pitta, Vata

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Bridelia retusa contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-A, E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium[2]

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate 5-22 x 3-11 cm, broadly elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong.

[5]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Axillary or terminal dense clusters Greenish yellow 5 Some times paniculate spikes often exceeding the leaves.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
A drupe 7 - 8 mm Purplish-black, seated on the persistent, slightly enlarged calyx, pyrenes 2, epicarp crustaceous; seed one in each pyrene. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

Cultivation Details

Acid treatment before sowing. Should be planted in the full sun; no aftercare is necessary[6]. Ekavira is available through June to December[2].

Season to grow

Required Ecosystem/Climate

[7]

Kind of soil needed

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area.

Photo Gallery

  • Young leaves

  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Fruits

  • Leaves and fruit

  • Spines

References

  1. ↑ Uses
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.32, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Chemical composition
  4. ↑ Vernacular names
  5. ↑ Botonic description
  6. ↑ Cultivation details
  7. ↑ [Required Ecosystem/Climate]

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Bridelia_retusa_-_Ekavira&oldid=56006"