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Difference between revisions of "Calotropis gigantea - Arka plant"
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[[File:"Calotropis flower".JPG|thumb|right|'' Sadapushpa'', ''Mandara'', ''Calotropis flower'']] | [[File:"Calotropis flower".JPG|thumb|right|'' Sadapushpa'', ''Mandara'', ''Calotropis flower'']] | ||
| − | + | '''Calotropis procera''' is a large shrub growing to 4m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in color. This plant is belongs to Aslepiacea family. | |
| − | '''Calotropis procera | ||
| − | |||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
| − | {{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses| | + | {{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses|Painful joints}}, {{Uses|Skin blemishes}}, {{Uses|Leucoderma}}, {{Uses|Vitiligo}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Pain in ears}}<ref name="Uses"/> |
==Parts Used== | ==Parts Used== | ||
| − | {{Parts Used| | + | {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Flowers}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Latex}}. |
==Chemical Composition== | ==Chemical Composition== | ||
| − | The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones". | + | The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones".<ref name="Chemical Composition"/> |
==Common names== | ==Common names== | ||
| − | {{Common names|sa=Bhaanu, Ravi, Tapana|en=Aakado|gu=Aakado|hi=Aak, Akavana, Madar|kn=Ekka, Ekkadagida, Ekkegida|ks=Vasa|ml=Erikku|mr=Rui|pa=Ak|ta=Erukku, Vellerukku|te=Jilledu}} | + | {{Common names|sa=Bhaanu, Ravi, Tapana, Arka|en=Aakado|gu=Aakado|hi=Aak, Akavana, Madar|kn=Ekka, Ekkadagida, Ekkegida|ks=Vasa|ml=Erikku|mr=Rui|pa=Ak|ta=Erukku, Vellerukku|te=Jilledu}}<ref name="Common names"/> |
| − | + | ||
==Properties== | ==Properties== | ||
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics. | Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics. | ||
| Line 28: | Line 26: | ||
Katu (Pungent) | Katu (Pungent) | ||
===Karma=== | ===Karma=== | ||
| − | Vatahara, Kaphahara, Bhedana, Deepana, Kshamighna | + | Vatahara, Kaphahara, Bhedana, [[Deepana]], Kshamighna |
| + | |||
===Prabhava=== | ===Prabhava=== | ||
| Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
===Leaf=== | ===Leaf=== | ||
| − | {{Leaf| | + | {{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Elliptic-ovate to obovate, greyish-green in colour and have entire margins, relatively thick (5-30 cm long and 4-15 cm wide) with a cordate leaf base. Secondary veins 5-7 pairs}}<ref name="Leaf"/> |
===Flower=== | ===Flower=== | ||
| − | {{Flower| | + | {{Flower|Borne in clusters|15-25 mm across|White or Purplish|Five|Flowering occurs mostly during winter}} |
===Fruit=== | ===Fruit=== | ||
| − | {{Fruit| | + | {{Fruit|Large|6-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide||These fruit have thick and spongy skins which split open at maturity|Flattened seeds|}} |
===Other features=== | ===Other features=== | ||
| Line 54: | Line 53: | ||
==How to plant/cultivate== | ==How to plant/cultivate== | ||
| − | Succeeds in the drier tropics. Most commonly found in areas of the tropics with a specific dry season, at elevations up to 1,000 metres<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> | + | Succeeds in the drier tropics. Most commonly found in areas of the tropics with a specific dry season, at elevations up to 1,000 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> |
==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ||
| − | {{Commonly seen| | + | {{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Indian subcontinent}}. |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | <gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | ||
| − | |||
File:Starr 010701-9001 Calotropis procera.jpg|''Calotropis procera'' fruit | File:Starr 010701-9001 Calotropis procera.jpg|''Calotropis procera'' fruit | ||
| − | + | File:Calotropis giganteaRHu3.JPG|Buds | |
| − | + | File:C. gigantea.JPG|Leaves | |
| − | |||
| − | File:Calotropis giganteaRHu3.JPG| | ||
| − | File:C. gigantea.JPG| | ||
File:Starr 070730-7945 Calotropis gigantea.jpg|Floral tassels made from ''Calotropis'' flowers. | File:Starr 070730-7945 Calotropis gigantea.jpg|Floral tassels made from ''Calotropis'' flowers. | ||
| − | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| + | <references> | ||
| + | <ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicinal Plants of Gadag pdf, Page no - 91</ref> | ||
| − | + | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Calotropis+gigantea Cultivation Details]</ref> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Calotropis+gigantea | + | <ref name="Uses">[https://www.bimbima.com/herbs/medicinal-uses-of-madar-or-arka/688/ Medicinal uses of Madar]</ref> |
| − | <ref name="Uses">[https://www.bimbima.com/herbs/medicinal-uses-of-madar-or-arka/688/ | + | |
| + | <ref name="Chemical Composition">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241039494_Chemical_composition_of_Calotropis_gigantea Chemical Composition]</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <ref name="Common names">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:245</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* [http://nif.org.in/CALOTROPIS-PROCERA Calotropis procera Ait on national innovation foundation=] | * [http://nif.org.in/CALOTROPIS-PROCERA Calotropis procera Ait on national innovation foundation=] | ||
| − | * [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.upwta.1_478 | + | * [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.upwta.1_478 Calotropis procera Ait on global plants] |
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876921/ Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait.)] | * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876921/ Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait.)] | ||
* [http://www.science20.com/humboldt_fellow_and_science/blog/calotropis_procera_ait_rbr_arka_important_drug_ayurveda CALOTROPIS PROCERA (Ait.) R.Br. Arka, an important drug of Ayurveda] | * [http://www.science20.com/humboldt_fellow_and_science/blog/calotropis_procera_ait_rbr_arka_important_drug_ayurveda CALOTROPIS PROCERA (Ait.) R.Br. Arka, an important drug of Ayurveda] | ||
[[Category: Ayurvedic Pharmacopedia of India]] | [[Category: Ayurvedic Pharmacopedia of India]] | ||
[[Category:Herbs]] | [[Category:Herbs]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Apocynaceae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:22, 25 March 2021
Calotropis procera is a large shrub growing to 4m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in color. This plant is belongs to Aslepiacea family.
Contents
- 1 Uses
- 2 Parts Used
- 3 Chemical Composition
- 4 Common names
- 5 Properties
- 6 Habit
- 7 Identification
- 8 List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
- 9 Where to get the saplings
- 10 Mode of Propagation
- 11 How to plant/cultivate
- 12 Commonly seen growing in areas
- 13 Photo Gallery
- 14 References
- 15 External Links
Uses
Rheumatism, Painful joints, Skin blemishes, Leucoderma, Vitiligo, Piles, Pain in ears[1]
Parts Used
Roots, Bark, Flowers, Leaves, Latex.
Chemical Composition
The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones".[2]
Common names
| Language | Common name |
|---|---|
| Kannada | Ekka, Ekkadagida, Ekkegida |
| Hindi | Aak, Akavana, Madar |
| Malayalam | Erikku |
| Tamil | Erukku, Vellerukku |
| Telugu | Jilledu |
| Marathi | Rui |
| Gujarathi | Aakado |
| Punjabi | Ak |
| Kashmiri | Vasa |
| Sanskrit | Bhaanu, Ravi, Tapana, Arka |
| English | Aakado |
Properties
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
Dravya
Rasa
Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent)
Guna
Laghu (Light), Sara, Snigdha
Veerya
Ushna (Hot)
Vipaka
Katu (Pungent)
Karma
Vatahara, Kaphahara, Bhedana, Deepana, Kshamighna
Prabhava
Habit
Identification
Leaf
| Kind | Shape | Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | Opposite | Elliptic-ovate to obovate, greyish-green in colour and have entire margins, relatively thick (5-30 cm long and 4-15 cm wide) with a cordate leaf base. Secondary veins 5-7 pairs |
Flower
| Type | Size | Color and composition | Stamen | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borne in clusters | 15-25 mm across | White or Purplish | Five | Flowering occurs mostly during winter |
Fruit
| Type | Size | Mass | Appearance | Seeds | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large | 6-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide | These fruit have thick and spongy skins which split open at maturity | Flattened seeds |
Other features
List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
- Vishatinduka Taila as root juice extract
Where to get the saplings
Mode of Propagation
How to plant/cultivate
Succeeds in the drier tropics. Most commonly found in areas of the tropics with a specific dry season, at elevations up to 1,000 metres.[5]
Commonly seen growing in areas
Tropical area, Indian subcontinent.
Photo Gallery
Calotropis procera fruit
Buds
Leaves
Floral tassels made from Calotropis flowers.
References
- ↑ Medicinal uses of Madar
- ↑ Chemical Composition
- ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:245
- ↑ Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicinal Plants of Gadag pdf, Page no - 91
- ↑ Cultivation Details
External Links
Categories:
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Rheumatism
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Painful joints
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Skin blemishes
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Leucoderma
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Vitiligo
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Piles
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Pain in ears
- Herbs with Roots used in medicine
- Herbs with Bark used in medicine
- Herbs with Flowers used in medicine
- Herbs with Leaves used in medicine
- Herbs with Latex used in medicine
- Herbs with common name in Kannada
- Herbs with common name in Hindi
- Herbs with common name in Malayalam
- Herbs with common name in Tamil
- Herbs with common name in Telugu
- Herbs with common name in Marathi
- Herbs with common name in Gujarathi
- Herbs with common name in Punjabi
- Herbs with common name in Kashmiri
- Herbs with common name in Sanskrit
- Herbs with common name in English
- Habit - Large shrub
- Index of Plants which can be propagated by Seeds
- Index of Plants which can be propagated by Cuttings
- Index of Plants which can be propagated by Layering
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Tropical area
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Indian subcontinent
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopedia of India
- Herbs
- Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos
- Apocynaceae
