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[[File:800px-Terminalia arjuna 07a.JPG|thumb|right|'' Nirmatti'', ''Terminalia arjuna'']]
 
[[File:800px-Terminalia arjuna 07a.JPG|thumb|right|'' Nirmatti'', ''Terminalia arjuna'']]
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'''Terminalia arjuna''' is a tree of the genus Terminalia. The arjuna grows upto 20–25 metres tall. Usually has a buttressed trunk and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. This plant is belongs to Cobretaceae family.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Atherosclerosis}}, {{Uses|Coronary artery disease}}, {{Uses|Myocardial infarction}}, {{Uses|Shortness of breath}}, {{Uses|Angina pectoris}}, {{Uses|Dyslipidemia}}, {{Uses|Hyper cholesterol}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhages}}, {{Uses|Bone Fractures}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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'''Nirmatti''' or '''Terminalia arjuna''' is a tree of the genus Terminalia. It is commonly known as '''arjuna''' or '''arjun tree''' in English,<ref name="des"/> ''' thella maddi''' in Telugu, '''kumbuk''' in Sinhala, '''marudha maram''' in Tamil and '''neer maruthu''' in Malayalam.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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== Description ==
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===How to use===
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* Cut out a slice of the bark to use. A thin slice of 2mm to 5mm should do.
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The arjuna is about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. It has oblong, conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2.5 to 5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and November.<ref name="des"/>
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* Terminalia Arjuna usually sheds a thin layer of its bark in the run up to summer. This is not to be mistaken with the bark that is used for medicinal purpose.  
  
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== Uses ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Main chemical constitutes are tannins, triterpenoid saponins (arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin and arjunic acid), flavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid and phytosterols.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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The terminalia arjuna was introduced into Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease by Vagbhata . It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction. In the Ashtānga Hridayam, but was also mentioned in many ancient Indian vedas, and was a known practice for thousands of years, passed down by tradition, before vagbhata mentioned it in his writings. Vagbhata mentions arjuna in the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages and ulcers, applied topically as a powder. Arjuna is an excellent medicine for Heart, it has the capability to even reverse heart failure. The Arjuna plant  has traditionally been used to treat heart disease for centuries, which is why it got the nickname '''Guardian of the heart'''. It’s named after the hero of the famous epic “Mahabharata”, because of its protective effects. Arjuna is an evergreen tree of the Combretaceae family, which grows along the rivers of West Bengal in the drained beds of central and southern India. In Ayurveda,it’s considered a sacred plant.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Kere matti|ml=Neer maruthu|sa=Arjuna|ta=Maruda maram|te=Thella maddi|hi=Arjuna|en=Arjuna tree}}
  
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== References ==
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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<references>
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===Dravya===
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<ref name="des">[http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/arjun-tree.html "Arjun Tree"]</ref>
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Conical and oblong leaves. Leaves have a green color on the top and brown color below.}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5|Flowering Time is March and June}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|General|2 to 5 cm|Fruition Time Between September to November|It has fibrous woody fruits|Many}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}.
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==Season to grow==
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Seeds are sown in nursery beds in early summer.<ref name="Season to grow"/>
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==Soil type required==
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The tree prefers alluvial loamy or black cotton soils.<ref name="Soil type required"/>
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==Ecosystem/Climate==
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Under natural conditions in India Terminalia arjuna grows along streams and rivers, from sea-level up to 1200 m altitude.<ref name="Ecosystem/Climate"/>
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Its fruit is dried in the sunlight and than stored up to 6 -12 months. Seeds are pretreated by soaking in the water for 48 hours before sowing in beds.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Humid areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Red lateritic soils}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests}}, {{Commonly seen|Fertile lateritic soils}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Bark with Immature Oriental Magpie Robin I IMG 7827.jpg
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Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg
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Fruit I IMG 9577.jpg
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Kosa Silk Culture at Raigarh.jpg
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(Terminalia Arjuna) tree at Vivekananda park in Kakinada.jpg
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Bark - Terminalia arjuna - Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2013-03-31 5734.JPG
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.motherherbs.com/terminalia-arjuna-extract.html Chemical Constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/terminalia-arjuna-arjun-tree/ Plant description]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:175</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/arjun-tree.html Cultivation methods]</ref>
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<ref name="Soil type required">[https://www.echarak.in/echarak/templates/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20Wt.%20and%20Arn..pdf Soil type required]</ref>
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<ref name="Season to grow">[https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/terminalia-arjuna Season to grow]</ref>
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<ref name="Ecosystem/Climate">[https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Terminalia_arjuna_(PROTA)#:~:text=Under%20natural%20conditions%20in%20India,(pH%208.5%E2%80%9310.5). Ecology]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
 
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_arjuna Terminalia arjuna-Wikipedia]
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411016000262 Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review]
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* [https://examine.com/supplements/terminalia-arjuna/ Summary of Terminalia arjuna]
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* [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/speciesprofile.php?Spid=18136 Terminalia arjuna on world agro forestry.org]
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Combretaceae]]

Latest revision as of 16:39, 20 August 2020

Nirmatti, Terminalia arjuna

Terminalia arjuna is a tree of the genus Terminalia. The arjuna grows upto 20–25 metres tall. Usually has a buttressed trunk and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. This plant is belongs to Cobretaceae family.

Uses

Atherosclerosis, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction, Shortness of breath, Angina pectoris, Dyslipidemia, Hyper cholesterol, Hemorrhages, Bone Fractures.[1]

Parts Used

Bark, Leaves.

How to use

  • Cut out a slice of the bark to use. A thin slice of 2mm to 5mm should do.
  • Terminalia Arjuna usually sheds a thin layer of its bark in the run up to summer. This is not to be mistaken with the bark that is used for medicinal purpose.

Chemical Composition

Main chemical constitutes are tannins, triterpenoid saponins (arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin and arjunic acid), flavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid and phytosterols.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Kere matti
Hindi Arjuna
Malayalam Neer maruthu
Tamil Maruda maram
Telugu Thella maddi
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Arjuna
English Arjuna tree


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Opposite Conical and oblong leaves. Leaves have a green color on the top and brown color below.

.[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow 5 Flowering Time is March and June

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
General 2 to 5 cm Fruition Time Between September to November It has fibrous woody fruits Many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds.

Season to grow

Seeds are sown in nursery beds in early summer.[4]

Soil type required

The tree prefers alluvial loamy or black cotton soils.[5]

Ecosystem/Climate

Under natural conditions in India Terminalia arjuna grows along streams and rivers, from sea-level up to 1200 m altitude.[6]

How to plant/cultivate

Its fruit is dried in the sunlight and than stored up to 6 -12 months. Seeds are pretreated by soaking in the water for 48 hours before sowing in beds.[7]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Humid areas, Red lateritic soils, Borders of forests, Fertile lateritic soils.

Photo Gallery

  • Bark with Immature Oriental Magpie Robin I IMG 7827.jpg
  • Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg
  • Fruit I IMG 9577.jpg
  • Kosa Silk Culture at Raigarh.jpg
  • (Terminalia Arjuna) tree at Vivekananda park in Kakinada.jpg
  • Bark - Terminalia arjuna - Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2013-03-31 5734.JPG

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:175
  2. ↑ Chemical Constituents
  3. ↑ Plant description
  4. ↑ Season to grow
  5. ↑ Soil type required
  6. ↑ Ecology
  7. ↑ Cultivation methods


External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Terminalia_arjuna_-_Arjuna,_White_Marudah&oldid=51746"