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Created page with "thumb|right|''Chirabilva'', ''Holoptelea integrifolia'' '''Chirabilva''' is a large deciduous tree growing up to 22 metres tall. The bo..."
[[File:Holoptelea integrifolia 07.jpg|thumb|right|''Chirabilva'', ''Holoptelea integrifolia'']]
'''Chirabilva''' is a large deciduous tree growing up to 22 metres tall. The bole is often much twisted and branching from low down. The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food, and as a source of oil and wood.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Intestinal worms}}, {{Uses|Blood purifier}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Bark}}
==Chemical Composition==
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=beegada mara, beeyada mara, kaladri, rahubeeja, tapasee mara, thapsi, thavasi|ml=aval, avil, nettaval, nettavil|sa=arari, chirabilva, karanja, prakirya, puti, putigandha, putika|ta=aaya, ari, avali, avil, avil thol, avimaram, thavasi, vellaya|te=naali, naavara chettu, naavili, nemali, nemalinara, thapsi|hi=banchilla, bandarbati, chilbil, papad, papari, rajain|en=Indian Elm}}
<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
===Guna===
Laghu (Light), Rooksha (Dry)
===Veerya===
Ushna (Hot)
===Vipaka===
katu (Pungent)
===Karma===
Pitta, Kapha
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Tree}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|stipules lateral, scarious; petiole 5-10 mm, stout, pubescent; lamina 6-12.5 x 2.5-6.5 cm, ovate-oblong, ovate or elliptic-ovate, base rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate, margin entire, distantly serrate when young, coriaceous, glabrous above, appressed pubescent punctate below; lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Polygamous|axillary fascicles|Greenish purple||appear before leaves, 5-8 mm across, greenish-purple, in axillary fascicles; tepals 4 or 5, free, anthers pubescent; female flowers with longer pedicels; ovary superior, compressed, long stipitate, 2-winged, 1-celled, ovule 1; style 2 fid.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A samara|2 - 3 cm||orbicular, wings nerved, glabrous|seed one.}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
===Season to grow===
===Soil type===
===Propagation===
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sub tropical area}}
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 4661.jpg|Leaves
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) leaves I Vadodara Pix 025.jpg|Leaves
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 4664.jpg|Fruits
File:Holoptelea integrifolia (3261045098).jpg|Flower
File:Collected Seeds of Indian Elm (Holoptelea integrifolia) from Bolarum Bazar.jpg|Fruits
Image:Adenanthera pavonina.jpg|Leaves
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2017/05/24/chirabilva-holoptelea-integrifolia/ Uses]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Holoptelea+integrifolia]
* [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/401213/]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Plants of western ghats]]
[[Category:Tree]]
'''Chirabilva''' is a large deciduous tree growing up to 22 metres tall. The bole is often much twisted and branching from low down. The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food, and as a source of oil and wood.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Intestinal worms}}, {{Uses|Blood purifier}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Bark}}
==Chemical Composition==
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=beegada mara, beeyada mara, kaladri, rahubeeja, tapasee mara, thapsi, thavasi|ml=aval, avil, nettaval, nettavil|sa=arari, chirabilva, karanja, prakirya, puti, putigandha, putika|ta=aaya, ari, avali, avil, avil thol, avimaram, thavasi, vellaya|te=naali, naavara chettu, naavili, nemali, nemalinara, thapsi|hi=banchilla, bandarbati, chilbil, papad, papari, rajain|en=Indian Elm}}
<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
===Guna===
Laghu (Light), Rooksha (Dry)
===Veerya===
Ushna (Hot)
===Vipaka===
katu (Pungent)
===Karma===
Pitta, Kapha
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Tree}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|stipules lateral, scarious; petiole 5-10 mm, stout, pubescent; lamina 6-12.5 x 2.5-6.5 cm, ovate-oblong, ovate or elliptic-ovate, base rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate, margin entire, distantly serrate when young, coriaceous, glabrous above, appressed pubescent punctate below; lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Polygamous|axillary fascicles|Greenish purple||appear before leaves, 5-8 mm across, greenish-purple, in axillary fascicles; tepals 4 or 5, free, anthers pubescent; female flowers with longer pedicels; ovary superior, compressed, long stipitate, 2-winged, 1-celled, ovule 1; style 2 fid.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A samara|2 - 3 cm||orbicular, wings nerved, glabrous|seed one.}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
===Season to grow===
===Soil type===
===Propagation===
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sub tropical area}}
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 4661.jpg|Leaves
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) leaves I Vadodara Pix 025.jpg|Leaves
File:Kanju (Holoptelea integrifolia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 4664.jpg|Fruits
File:Holoptelea integrifolia (3261045098).jpg|Flower
File:Collected Seeds of Indian Elm (Holoptelea integrifolia) from Bolarum Bazar.jpg|Fruits
Image:Adenanthera pavonina.jpg|Leaves
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2017/05/24/chirabilva-holoptelea-integrifolia/ Uses]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Holoptelea+integrifolia]
* [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/401213/]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Plants of western ghats]]
[[Category:Tree]]
