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Terminalia arjuna - Arjuna, White Marudah

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[[File:800px-Terminalia arjuna 07a.JPG|thumb|right|'' Nirmatti'', ''Terminalia arjuna'']]
'''Nirmatti''' or '''Terminalia arjuna''' is a tree of the genus Terminalia. It The arjuna is commonly known as '''arjuna''' or '''arjun tree''' in Englishabout 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk,<ref name="des"/> ''' thella maddi''' in Teluguand forms a wide canopy at the crown, '''kumbuk''' in Sinhala, '''marudha maram''' in Tamil and '''neer maruthu''' in Malayalamfrom which branches drop downwards.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|Atherosclerosis}}, {{Uses|Coronary Artery Disease}}, {{Uses|Myocardial Infarction}}, {{Uses|Shortness of Breath}}, {{Uses|Angina Pectoris}}, {{Uses|Dyslipidemia}}, {{Uses|Hypercholesterolemia}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhages}}, {{Uses|Bone Fractures}} ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}. ==Chemical Composition==Main chemical constitutes are tannins, triterpenoid saponins (arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin and arjunic acid), flavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid and phytosterols.<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=NEER MARUTHU|sa=ARJUNA, ARJUN|ta=MARUDHA MARAM|te=THELLA MADDI|hi=ARJUNA, ARJUN|en=ARJUNA, ARJUN TREE}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|alternate|Conical and oblong leaves. Leaves have a green color on the top and brown color below.}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5|Flowering Time is March and June}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|2 to 5 cm|Fruition Time Between September to November|It has fibrous woody fruits|many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Its fruit is dried in the sunlight and than stored up to 6 -12 months. Seeds are pretreated by soaking in the water for 48 hours before sowing in beds.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|humid areas}}, {{Commonly seen|fertile and red lateritic soils}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
The arjuna is about 20–25 metres tall; usually has a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwardsBark with Immature Oriental Magpie Robin I IMG 7827. It has oblong, conical leaves which are green on the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2.5 to 5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and November.<ref name="des"/>jpg
== Uses == Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg
The terminalia arjuna was introduced into Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease by Vagbhata . It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction. In the Ashtānga Hridayam, but was also mentioned in many ancient Indian vedas, and was a known practice for thousands of years, passed down by tradition, before vagbhata mentioned it in his writings. Vagbhata mentions arjuna in the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages and ulcers, applied topically as a powder. Arjuna is an excellent medicine for Heart, it has the capability to even reverse heart failure. The Arjuna plant has traditionally been used to treat heart disease for centuries, which is why it got the nickname '''Guardian of the heart'''. It’s named after the hero of the famous epic “Mahabharata”, because of its protective effects. Arjuna is an evergreen tree of the Combretaceae family, which grows along the rivers of West Bengal in the drained beds of central and southern India. In Ayurveda,it’s considered a sacred plantFruit I IMG 9577.jpg
==Common name== Kosa Silk Culture at Raigarh.jpg
* '''English''' - White Marudah
* '''Kannada''' - ಮತ್ತಿಮರ
* '''Hindi''' - कोह
== References ==(Terminalia Arjuna) tree at Vivekananda park in Kakinada.jpg 
Anjantree.JPG  Bark - Terminalia arjuna - Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2013-03-31 5734.JPG </gallery> ==References== <references><ref name="deschemical composition">[http://www.motherherbs.com/terminalia-arjuna-extract.html "Chemical Constituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/terminalia-arjuna-arjun-tree/ "plant description"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/arjun-tree.html "Arjun TreeCultivation methods"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411016000262 Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review]* [https://examine.com/supplements/terminalia-arjuna/ Summary of Terminalia arjuna]* [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/speciesprofile.php?Spid=18136 Terminalia arjuna on world agro forestry.org]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_arjuna Terminalia arjuna-Wikipedia]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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