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Shyonaka is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, commonly called '''Oroxylum indicum''', '''midnight horror''', '''oroxylum''', or '''Indian trumpet flower''' , '''tattuna'''.<ref name="common names"/> It is a tree which can reach a height of 12 metres (39 ft).

== Description Uses== The large leaf stalks wither and fall off the tree and collect near the base of the trunk{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, appearing to look like a pile of broken limb bones. The tree is a night-bloomer and flowers are adapted to natural pollination by bats. They form enormous seed pods that hang down from bare branches. Those long fruits curve downward and resemble the wings of a large bird or dangling sickles or swords in the night.The seeds are round with papery wings.<ref name="description/>{{Uses|Sore throats}}

== Uses Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|leaves}}, {{Parts Used|fruits}}, {{Parts Used|seeds}}

*The Oroxylum indicum seed is used in the traditional Indian ayurvedic medicine.==Chemical Composition==*Shyonaka root bark is one of the ingredients of dashamoola (a group of 10 roots). It is used for its anti-inflammatory Baicalein, oroxylin and analgesic action in a number of compound formulations in Ayurveda.*The bark of O. indicum is a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient, as well as is pinostrobin along with one of main ingredients in Sri Lankan indigenous medicine in decoctions as a remedy for pains in joints or rheumatism*The tree is often grown as an ornamental for its strange appearance. Materials used include the woodsterol, tannins and dyestuffs.*In the Himalayas, people are hanging mobiles or garlands made from O. indicum (Skr. shyonaka) seeds from the roof of their homes for protective reasons.Stigmast-7-en-3-ol <ref name="chemical composition"/>

==Common namenames=={{Common names|kn=tattuna|ml=palaqapayyani|sa=aralu, shyonaka|ta=cori-konnai|te=pampena|hi=bhut-vriksha|en=Broken Bones Tree, Indian Trumpet Flower}}

* '''English''' ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Broken Bones Tree* '''Kannada''' Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - ತಟ್ಟುನ Therepeutics.* '''Hindi''' - भूत वृक्ष===Dravya===

===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Herb}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|triangular|The leaves are divided into 3-6 toothed leaflets, with smaller leaflets in between}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|reddish-purple and pinkish-yellow|5|Flowers in terminal racemes, large, reddish-purple and pinkish-yellow within}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|flat|30-90 cm long|flattened with broad hyaline papery wings||many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Indian trumphet is majorly cultivated in moist and temperate regions of Himalayas, Bhutan, and china<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpgImage:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> == References == <references><ref name="common nameschemical composition">[httphttps://www.flowersofindianepjol.info/index.netphp/SW/catalogarticle/slidesview/Broken%20Bones%20Tree3852 "Chemical constituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.html org/species/show/16688 "Flowers of IndiaMorphology"]</ref> <ref name="descriptionHow to plant/cultivate">[http://www.eflorasspicesmedicinalherbs.orgcom/florataxonoroxylum-indicum.aspx?flora_id=620&taxon_id=200021430 html "Dinghushan planr checklistCultivation"]</ref>

== External Links ==* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336262/ Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of Oroxylum indicum]* [https://enwww.researchgate.net/publication/273990119_Chemical_constituents_from_Oroxylum_indicum_L_Kurz_of_Nepalese_Origin CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM OROXYLUM INDICUM]* [http://bioinfo.wikipediabisr.orgres.in/wikiproject/Oroxylum_indicum domap/plant_details.php?plantid=0091&bname=Oroxylum %20indicum vOroxylum indicum-Wikipediaon database of medicinal plants and automatic plants]* [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Broken%20Bones%20Tree.html Oroxylum indicum on flowers of india