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Garcinia indica - Vrikshamia

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[[File:Garcinia indica - fruits, seeds, pulp and rinds.jpg|thumb|right|KOKUM(punarpuli)]]
'''Garcinia indica''' a plant in the mangosteen family, mostly in Asia and Africa. Garcinia indica is indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India located along the western coast of the country.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}<ref name="Uses"/>
'''Garcinia indica''' <ref name="Garcinia indica"/> , a plant in the mangosteen family (Clusiaceae), commonly known as kokum, is a fruit-bearing tree that has culinary, pharmaceutical=Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, and industrial uses{{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
The genus Garcinia, belonging to the family Clusiaceae, includes about 200 species found in the Old World tropics, mostly in Asia ==Chemical Composition==Cyanidin-3-glucoside and Africa. Garcinia indica is indigenous to the Western Ghats region of India located along the western coast of the country. Of the 35 species found in India, 17 are endemic. Of these, seven are endemic to the Western Ghats, six in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and four in the northeastern region of India.cyanidin-3-sambubioside<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Garcinia indica is found in forest lands==Common names=={{Common names|kn=murgina, riversides and wastelands. These plants prefer evergreen forestspunarpuli|ml=kaattampi|sa=Vrikshamia, but sometimes they also thrive in areas with relatively low rainfall. It is also cultivated on a small scale. It does not require irrigationAmlabija|ta=murgal, spraying of pesticides or fertilizers.murgal-mara|te=|hi=Kokum|en=Kokam, Goa butter tree}}
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
== USES =Rasa===
*The fresh fruit is preserved with sugar to make a bright-red squash that is bottled for sale. The syrup is diluted with water to make a refreshing drink).===Guna===
*The outer cover of fruit is dried in the sun to get aamsul or kokam. It is also known as bhirand in Konkani and punarpuli/muragalu in Kannada. It is used as a staple souring agent typically in Goan cuisine and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Kokum yields a peculiar flavour and blackish red colour. As a souring agent, it is used as an alternative to tamarind in curries and other dishes from the Goa and Konkan region.[citation needed] It is also used in cuisine from Gujarat, where it is frequently used to add flavor and tartness to dal (lentil soup) for flavor balance, and parts of South India.It is extensively used in Assamese cuisine in many dishes like " masor tenga " or sour fish curry and " tenga dali " or sour dal. It is also used as a cure for upset stomach and colds. A few dry pieces are soaked in water for some time and then the pieces are mashed in the water itself and can be taken in whole.===Veerya===
*Kokum squash or kokum concentrate is used in preparing a drink (sherbet) which is bright red in colour.===Vipaka===
*Further, the extract/ concentrate of this fruit is called aagal in Konkani and Marathi. It is added during the preparation of solkadhi, along with coconut milk.===Karma===
*The seed of Garcinia indica contains 23–26% oil, which remains solid at room temperature. It is used in the preparation of confectionery, medicines and cosmetics.===Prabhava===
*Recently, industries have started extracting hydroxycitric acid (HCA) from the rind of the fruit.==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}}
*==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple||The tree is ornamental, with a dense canopy of green leaves and redare divided into 3-tinged6 toothed leaflets, tender, young leaves. The oily extract called kokum tel is used with smaller leaflets in foot massage, and to treat burns.between}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Flowers Season is June - August}}
==Common name=Fruit==={{Fruit||7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|}}
* '''English''' - Kokam* '''Kannada''' - ಪುನರ್ಪುಳಿ; ಮುರ್ಗಿನ* '''Hindi''' - कोकम ===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Garcinia indica requires a warm and humid tropical climate.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|forest lands}}, {{Commonly seen|riversides}}, {{Commonly seen|wastelands}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Garcinia indica tree.jpgFile:Garcinia indica.jpegFile:Garcinia indica Kokum of Karnataka Maharashtra Gujarat India.jpgFile:Kokumfruitsdried.jpgFile:Kokum Plant.jpg</gallery> == References ==
<references>
<ref name="Garcinia indicachemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942910802626754?src=recsys "main constituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://enweb.wikipediaarchive.org/wikiweb/20131226161459/Garcinia_indica http://www.wildflowers-guide.com/39-agrimony.html "wayback machine"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Garcinia+indica "wikipediaCultivation Details"]</ref>
</references>
==External linkLinks==* [https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/crop%20info/kokam.htm Garcinia indica on india agronet.com]* [http://www.flowersofindiaccari.res.netin/dss/catalogkokum.html Garcinia indica on ccari.res.in ]* [http:/slides/Kokamwww.html flowerofindiaknowfarming.com/kokum-farming-information Kokum Farming Information]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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