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[[File:Amrutha balli (Tinospora cordifolia).jpg|thumb|right|''Amrutha balli'']]
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[[File:Tinospora cordifolia leaves.jpg|thumb|right|''Amrutha balli'']]
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'''Tinospora cordifolia''' which is known by the common names '''heart-leaved moonseed, guduchi and giloy''' is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to the tropical areas of India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It's family is Menispermaceae.<ref name="Plant family"/>
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'''Tinospora cordifolia''' which is known by the common names '''heart-leaved moonseed, guduchi and giloy''' is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to the tropical areas of India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
−
{{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Piles}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}.
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{{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Heart Diseases}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Hyperacidity}}, {{Uses|Gout}}.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
−
{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Dried Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
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{{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
−
The Artocarpus species are rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Terpenoids and alkaloids, Columbin, tinosporaside, jatrorhizine, palmatine, berberine, tembeterine, tinocordifolioside, phenylpropene disaccharides, choline, tinosporic acid, tinosporal, and tinosporon have been isolated from Tinospora cordifolia.<ref name="Chemical Composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
−
{{Common names|kn=Hebbalasu, Kadu halasu|ml=Ayani, Anjili, Ayini plavu|sa=Lakucha, Lakucah, Panasah|ta=Kattuppala, Aiyini pala, Kurangu pala, Pei pala|te=Adavi panasa|hi=Kathal|en=Wild Jack}}
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{{Common names|sa=Amrithavalli, Amritha, Madhuparni, Guduchika, chinnobhaava|en=Heart-leaved moonseed|gu=Galac, Garo|hi=Giloe, Gurcha|kn= ಅಮರ Amara, ಅಮೃತಬಳ್ಳಿ Amritaballi, ಉಗನಿ ಬಳ್ಳಿ Ugani balli|ks=Amrita, Gilo|ml=Nerinjil|mr=Gulvel|pa=Gilo|ta=Seendal, Seendil kodi|te=Thippateega}}<ref name="Common names"/>
 +
 
 +
==Properties==
 +
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
 +
===Dravya===
 +
===Rasa===
 +
Tikta, Kashaya
 +
===Guna===
 +
Laghu (Light)
 +
===Veerya===
 +
Ushna (heat)
 +
===Vipaka===
 +
Katu (Pungent)
 +
===Karma===
 +
Balya, [[Deepana]], Rasayana, Jvaraghna, Threedoshashamaka, Raktashodana
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|Tree}}
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{{Habit|Vine}}
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|lanceolate|alternate, spiral, clustered at twigs end, tawny hirsute, caducous, leaving annular scar}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Cordate|Apex abruptly acuminate, 5-15x 5-13 cm; petioles 2-7 cm long, margin entire, strong basal veins 5-7, impressed above and prominent beneath, lateral veins 2-3 pairs, veinlets fine and close}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|Pendulous, Ovoid||male flowers in axillary spikes, pendulous; female flowers in axillary spikes, ovoid}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|Inflorescences up to 15cm long|Male flowers: main outer 3 sepals greenish-yellow, ovate 1-1.5 mm long, inner 3 elliptic, concave, 3-4 mm long; petals rhombic-clawed, externally papillose towards base, 2-2.5 mm long; stamen clavate, 3 mm long.||}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
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{{Fruit|Drupe|6-7 mm long||Red, endocarp thinly bony, broadly elliptic to subrotund in outline|Seeds curved or half moon shape, endospermic, cotyledons flattened, leaflike, radicle short.}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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* [[Citraka Harītakī]]
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* [[Amritarishta]]
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* [[Siva gutika]]
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* [[Guduchi satva]]
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* [[Mushalyadi churna]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Airlayers}}.
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Stem Cuttings}}.
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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In terms of taking care of the plant, minimal pruning is required Cutting off dead branches from the interior of the tree is only sometimes needed. In addition, twigs bearing fruit must be twisted or cut down to the trunk to induce growth for the next season. Branches should be pruned every three to four years to maintain its productivity.
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The land is ploughed, harrowed, and made weed-free.A basal dose of FYM (farmyard manure) @ 10 tonnes per hectare and half dose of nitrogen (75 kg) are applied at the time of land preparation.About 2500 cuttings are required for plantation in 1 hectare of land.No specific treatment is required before sowing.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Stingless bees such as Tetragonula iridipennis are jackfruit pollinators, and as such, play an important role in jackfruit cultivation.
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Western Ghats}}, {{Commonly seen|Malabar Coast}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Subtropical and tropical climate area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sandy loam soil}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus immature fruits from Tuvvur, Kerala, India.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus unripe fruit
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File:Tippa-tige (Telugu- తిప్పతీగె) (3052478898).jpg|Leaf
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fruit.jpg|The ripe fruit of Jungle Jack
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File:Tinospora cordifolia leaves.jpg|Leaves
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലി.jpg|unripe fruits in a tree
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File:Gul-bel (Hindi- गुलबेल) (2349304194).jpg|Flowers
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലിപ്പഴം.jpg|The ripe fruit of Anhili with the outer skin removed.
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File:Tinospora cordifolia, heart-leaved moonseed,ചിറ്റമൃത് .jpg|Fruits
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File:രണ്ട് ഐനിച്ചക്കകൾ.jpg|ripe fruits
 
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File:ഐനിച്ചക്ക.jpg|a ripe fruit
 
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File:ആഞ്ഞിലി ചക്ക അഥവാ ഐനി ചക്ക.jpg|semi-ripe Anhili fruit.
 
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection
 
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File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close up.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close-up
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
 
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
−
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 "ethnopharmacology"]</ref>
+
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/tinospora-cordifolia Vikaspedia]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 "morphology"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/231352 Leaf morphology]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Chemical Composition">THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA, PART-I, VOLUME-1, page no 53.</ref>
 +
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/08/28/guduchi-giloy-ayurvedic-details-benefits-usage-dose-formulations/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:13</ref>
 +
<ref name="Common names">[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gulbel.html Common names]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [http://frlhtenvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/Artocarpus_hirsutus_1636.aspx Artocarpus hirsutus on ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Medicinal Plants]
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* [http://www.homeremediess.com/giloy-medicinal-plant-uses-and-images/ Tinospora cordifolia on home remediess.com]
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* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 Artocarpus hirsutus on India Biodiversity Portal]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2924974/ Tinospora cordifolia on ncbi.nlm.nih.gov plant information]
−
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 Artocarpus: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology]
+
* [http://natureconservation.in/description-and-medicinal-uses-of-guduchi-tinospora-cordifolia/ Tinospora cordifolia on nature conservation.in]
−
* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d5c0/67efca6a605cfebce2ad4b6a8a702887ccca.pdf Artocarpus: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology]
+
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644751/ Tinospora cordifolia on Ncbi articles.com]
−
* [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.381.143&rep=rep1&type=pdf Pharmacognostical studies on the bark of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam]
 
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Menispermaceae]]

Latest revision as of 12:03, 25 August 2020

Amrutha balli

Tinospora cordifolia which is known by the common names heart-leaved moonseed, guduchi and giloy is an herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae indigenous to the tropical areas of India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It's family is Menispermaceae.[1]

Uses

Osteoarthritis, Pimples, Piles, Skin diseases, Diabetes, Blood pressure, Heart Diseases, Fever, Jaundice, Hyperacidity, Gout.

Parts Used

Stem, Roots, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Terpenoids and alkaloids, Columbin, tinosporaside, jatrorhizine, palmatine, berberine, tembeterine, tinocordifolioside, phenylpropene disaccharides, choline, tinosporic acid, tinosporal, and tinosporon have been isolated from Tinospora cordifolia.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ಅಮರ Amara, ಅಮೃತಬಳ್ಳಿ Amritaballi, ಉಗನಿ ಬಳ್ಳಿ Ugani balli
Hindi Giloe, Gurcha
Malayalam Nerinjil
Tamil Seendal, Seendil kodi
Telugu Thippateega
Marathi Gulvel
Gujarathi Galac, Garo
Punjabi Gilo
Kashmiri Amrita, Gilo
Sanskrit Amrithavalli, Amritha, Madhuparni, Guduchika, chinnobhaava
English Heart-leaved moonseed

[3]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta, Kashaya

Guna

Laghu (Light)

Veerya

Ushna (heat)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Balya, Deepana, Rasayana, Jvaraghna, Threedoshashamaka, Raktashodana

Habit

Vine

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Cordate Apex abruptly acuminate, 5-15x 5-13 cm; petioles 2-7 cm long, margin entire, strong basal veins 5-7, impressed above and prominent beneath, lateral veins 2-3 pairs, veinlets fine and close

.[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Inflorescences up to 15cm long Male flowers: main outer 3 sepals greenish-yellow, ovate 1-1.5 mm long, inner 3 elliptic, concave, 3-4 mm long; petals rhombic-clawed, externally papillose towards base, 2-2.5 mm long; stamen clavate, 3 mm long.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Drupe 6-7 mm long Red, endocarp thinly bony, broadly elliptic to subrotund in outline Seeds curved or half moon shape, endospermic, cotyledons flattened, leaflike, radicle short. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[5]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Stem Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The land is ploughed, harrowed, and made weed-free.A basal dose of FYM (farmyard manure) @ 10 tonnes per hectare and half dose of nitrogen (75 kg) are applied at the time of land preparation.About 2500 cuttings are required for plantation in 1 hectare of land.No specific treatment is required before sowing.[6]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Subtropical and tropical climate area, Sandy loam soil.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaf

  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:13
  2. ↑ THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA, PART-I, VOLUME-1, page no 53.
  3. ↑ Common names
  4. ↑ Leaf morphology
  5. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  6. ↑ Vikaspedia

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Tinospora_cordifolia_-_Amrutha_balli&oldid=51817"