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Terminalia arjuna - Arjuna, White Marudah

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[[File:800px-Terminalia arjuna 07a.JPG|thumb|right|'' Nirmatti'', ''Terminalia arjuna'']]
'''Terminalia arjuna''' is a tree of the genus Terminalia. The arjuna grows upto 20–25 metres tall. Usually has a buttressed trunk and forms a wide canopy at the crown, from which branches drop downwards. This plant is belongs to Cobretaceae family.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Atherosclerosis}}, {{Uses|Coronary artery disease}}, {{Uses|Myocardial infarction}}, {{Uses|Shortness of breath}}, {{Uses|Angina pectoris}}, {{Uses|Dyslipidemia}}, {{Uses|Hyper cholesterol}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhages}}, {{Uses|Bone Fractures}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
'''Nirmatti''' or '''Terminalia arjuna''' is a tree of the genus Terminalia. It is commonly known as '''arjuna''' or '''arjun tree''' in English,<ref name="des"/> ''' thella maddi''' in Telugu, '''kumbuk''' in Sinhala=Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Bark}}, '''marudha maram''' in Tamil and '''neer maruthu''' in Malayalam{{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
== Description =How to use=== * Cut out a slice of the bark to use. A thin slice of 2mm to 5mm should do. The arjuna is about 20–25 metres tall; * Terminalia Arjuna usually has sheds a buttressed trunk, and forms a wide canopy at thin layer of its bark in the crown, from which branches drop downwardsrun up to summer. It has oblong, conical leaves which are green on This is not to be mistaken with the top and brown below; smooth, grey bark; it has pale yellow flowers which appear between March and June; its glabrous, 2that is used for medicinal purpose.5 to 5 cm fibrous woody fruit, divided into five wings, appears between September and November.<ref name="des"/>
== Uses Chemical Composition==Main chemical constitutes are tannins, triterpenoid saponins (arjunic acid, arjunolic acid, arjungenin and arjunic acid), flavonoids, gallic acid, ellagic acid and phytosterols.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
The terminalia arjuna was introduced into Ayurveda as a treatment for heart disease by Vagbhata . It is traditionally prepared as a milk decoction. In the Ashtānga Hridayam, but was also mentioned in many ancient Indian vedas, and was a known practice for thousands of years, passed down by tradition, before vagbhata mentioned it in his writings. Vagbhata mentions arjuna in the treatment of wounds, hemorrhages and ulcers, applied topically as a powder. ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Kere matti|ml=Neer maruthu|sa=Arjuna is an excellent medicine for Heart, it has the capability to even reverse heart failure. The |ta=Maruda maram|te=Thella maddi|hi=Arjuna plant has traditionally been used to treat heart disease for centuries, which is why it got the nickname '''Guardian of the heart'''. It’s named after the hero of the famous epic “Mahabharata”, because of its protective effects. |en=Arjuna is an evergreen tree of the Combretaceae family, which grows along the rivers of West Bengal in the drained beds of central and southern India. In Ayurveda,it’s considered a sacred plant.}}
==Common nameProperties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
* '''English''' - White Marudah===Rasa===* '''Kannada''' - ಮತ್ತಿಮರ Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)* '''Hindi''' - कोह ===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Conical and oblong leaves. Leaves have a green color on the top and brown color below.}}.<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5|Flowering Time is March and June}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|2 to 5 cm|Fruition Time Between September to November|It has fibrous woody fruits|Many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}. ==Season to grow==Seeds are sown in nursery beds in early summer.<ref name="Season to grow"/> ==Soil type required==The tree prefers alluvial loamy or black cotton soils.<ref name="Soil type required"/> ==Ecosystem/Climate==Under natural conditions in India Terminalia arjuna grows along streams and rivers, from sea-level up to 1200 m altitude.<ref name="Ecosystem/Climate"/> ==How to plant/cultivate==Its fruit is dried in the sunlight and than stored up to 6 -12 months. Seeds are pretreated by soaking in the water for 48 hours before sowing in beds.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Humid areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Red lateritic soils}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests}}, {{Commonly seen|Fertile lateritic soils}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Bark with Immature Oriental Magpie Robin I IMG 7827.jpgFlowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpgFruit I IMG 9577.jpgKosa Silk Culture at Raigarh.jpg(Terminalia Arjuna) tree at Vivekananda park in Kakinada.jpgBark - Terminalia arjuna - Indian Botanic Garden - Howrah 2013-03-31 5734.JPG</gallery> == References == <references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.motherherbs.com/terminalia-arjuna-extract.html Chemical Constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/terminalia-arjuna-arjun-tree/ Plant description]</ref><referencesref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:175</ref><ref name="desHow to plant/cultivate">[http://www.ecoindia.com/flora/trees/arjun-tree.html Cultivation methods]</ref><ref name="Soil type required">[https://www.echarak.in/echarak/templates/Terminalia%20arjuna%20%20Wt.%20and%20Arn..pdf Soil type required]</ref><ref name="Season to grow">[https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/terminalia-arjuna Season to grow]</ref><ref name="Arjun TreeEcosystem/Climate">[https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Terminalia_arjuna_(PROTA)#:~:text=Under%20natural%20conditions%20in%20India,(pH%208.5%E2%80%9310.5). Ecology]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
 ==External Links==*[https://enwww.wikipediasciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411016000262 Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review]* [https://examine.com/supplements/terminalia-arjuna/ Summary of Terminalia arjuna]* [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/wikitreedb2/Terminalia_arjuna speciesprofile.php?Spid=18136 Terminalia arjuna-Wikipediaon world agro forestry.org] 
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Combretaceae]]
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