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Senna tora - Chakramarda

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[[File:RoyalPoincianaChakunda (Hindi- चकूंदा) (1251136006).jpg|thumb|right|''Senna tora'', '' Caesalpinioideae'']]
'''Senna tora''' occurs throughout the tropics, including India Sri Lanka and Philippines. Cassia tora is an important medicinal plant of Ayurveda. It is known as Chakramarda and Dadrughna due is due to its therapeutic efficacy to treat ringworm.
Senna tora <ref name="Senna tora"/>(originally described by Linné as Cassia tora) is a legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Its name has been derived from Sinhala language=Uses=={{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Constipation}}, {{Uses|Oedema}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, in which it is called Tora (තෝර). In Sri Lanka it is easily found in many places. It grows wild in most of the tropics and is considered a weed in many places; its native range is not well known but probably South Asia. It is often confused with Chinese senna or sicklepod{{Uses|Glaucoma}}, Senna obtusifolia. If it is given a distinct common name at all{{Uses|Nyctalopia}}, it is called sickle wild sensitive-plant[1] or sickle senna{{Uses|Leucoderma}}.
===Food===
Senna tora can be used in Food. Young leaves are cooked as vegetable. Seeds are used in curry and are roasted for use as a substitute for coffee.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
== Medicinal use Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
This herb is used in Ayurveda for treatment ==Chemical Composition==The oils obtained were analyzed by GC/MS. They consisted almost exclusively of swellingssesquiterpenes.[citation needed] In some parts of Sri Lankaβ-Caryophyllene, people add its flowers germacrene D and spathulenol were the compounds found more frequently and in food.relatively high proportions in some species <ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common namenames=={{Common names|kn=Sogata|ml=Sakramardakam|sa=|ta=Senavu|te=|hi=Panwar, Chakunda|en=Stinking Cassia, Chinese senna}}
* '''English''' ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Stinking Cassia* '''Kannada''' Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - ಸೊಗತ Therepeutics.* '''Hindi''' - पनवार ===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Katu (Pungent)
===Guna===
Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
===Veerya===
Ushna (Hot)
===Vipaka===
Katu (Pungent)
===Karma===
Vatadosha
===Prabhava===
===Nutritional components===Senna tora Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/> ==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}}, {{Habit|Shrub}}. ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Pinnate|alternate|Unifoliolate, 3-foliolate, pari- or imparipinnate or bipinnately compound, then pinnae with one to numerous pairs of leaflets}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|9 or 10|Flowers usually bilaterally symmetrical, usually actinomorphic in subfamily Mimosoideae, and sometimes actinomorphic in Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae, usually hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|dehiscent|7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings== ==Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}} ==How to plant/cultivate==Seed - scarify and then pre-soak the seed for 2 - 3 hours in warm water before sowing<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Senna tora is available through August to December<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>. ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Tropics}}, {{Commonly seen|South Asia}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Senna tora (1250292137).jpg|FlowerFile:C.tora (2).jpg|FlowerFile:Chakramardakah (Sanskrit- चक्रमर्दकः) (3891733641).jpg|LeavesFile:Cassia tora-3-kottachedu-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|PodsFile:വട്ടതകര.JPG|Leaves </gallery> == References ==
<references>
<ref name="Senna torachemical composition">[https://enwww.wikipediaresearchgate.orgnet/wikipublication/Senna_tora "wikipedia"247039185_Volatile_oils_leaves_of_Bauhinia_Fabaceae_Caesalpinioideae Chemistry]</ref></references>
<ref name==External Link== * "Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindiakew.netorg/catalogscience/slidestropamerica/Stinking%20Cassianeotropikey/families/Leguminosae_(Caesalpinioideae).html flowersofindia]htm Plant descrption]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Senna+tora Cultivation details]</ref>
<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.136, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/caesalpi.htm Caesalpinioideae on The families of flowering plants]
* [http://wikis.wheatoncollege.edu/rainforest/index.php?title=Fabaceae:_Caesalpinioideae Description of Caesalpinioideae plant]
* [http://eol.org/pages/5308421/details Caesalpinioideae-Molecular biology and genetics]
* [http://www.biologydiscussion.com/angiosperm/dicotyledons/caesalpiniaceae-characters-distribution-and-types/48079 Caesalpiniaceae: Characters, Distribution and Types]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Fabaceae]]
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