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Difference between revisions of "Santalum album - Anindita"

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[[File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg|thumb|right|''Anindita'' ,''Santalum album'', ''Indian sandalwood'']]
 
[[File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg|thumb|right|''Anindita'' ,''Santalum album'', ''Indian sandalwood'']]
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'''Santalum album''' is a small tropical tree and it is widely cultivated and long lived, although harvest is viable after 40 years.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Swelling}}, {{Uses|Inflammation}}, {{Uses|Itching}},  {{Uses|Eczema}}, {{Uses|Acne}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Headache}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Gastric}}, {{Uses|Chronic cough}}, {{Uses|Scabies}}.
  
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'''Anindita''' or '''Santalum album''' or '''Indian sandalwood''' is a small tropical tree, and is the most commonly known source of sandalwood. This species has historically been cultivated, processed and traded since ancient times.[clarification needed] Certain cultures place great significance on its fragrant and medicinal qualities. The high value of the species has caused its past exploitation, to the point where the wild population is vulnerable to extinction. Indian sandalwood still commands high prices for its essential oil, but due to lack of sizable trees it is no longer used for fine woodworking as before. The plant is widely cultivated and long lived, although harvest is viable after 40 years.  
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as alpha- and beta-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The height of the evergreen tree is between 4 and 9 metres. They may live to one hundred years of age. The tree is variable in habit, usually upright to sprawling, and may intertwine with other species. The plant parasitises the roots of other tree species, with a haustorium adaptation on its own roots, but without major detriment to its hosts. An individual will form a non-obligate relationship with a number of other plants. Up to 300 species (including its own) can host the tree's development - supplying macronutrients phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, and shade - especially during early phases of development. It may propagate itself through wood suckering during its early development, establishing small stands. The reddish or brown bark can be almost black and is smooth in young trees, becoming cracked with a red reveal. The heartwood is pale green to white as the common name indicates. The leaves are thin, opposite and ovate to lanceolate in shape. Glabrous surface is shiny and bright green, with a glaucous pale reverse. Fruit is produced after three years, viable seeds after five. These seeds are distributed by birds.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Agarugandha, Bavanna|ml=Chandanam, Chandana-mutti|sa=Anindita, Arishta-phalam|ta=Anukkam, Asam|te=|hi=Chandan|en=Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood}}
  
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*It has use as wood and oil in religious practices. It also features as a construction material in temples and elsewhere.
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==Properties==
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*Sandalwood oil has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of common colds, bronchitis, skin disorders, heart ailments, general weakness, fever, infection of the urinary tract, inflammation of the mouth and pharynx, liver and gallbladder complaints and other maladies.
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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== External Links ==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum_album Santalum album - Wikipedia]
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Small tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Leaf Shape is Elliptic-ovate to lanceolate}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Brownish-purple|5-20|In axillary and terminal paniculate cymes and Flowering from December-April}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Globose drupe|7–10 mm|Fruiting throughout the year|Beaked with basal part of the style, dark black when ripe.|-}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seed beds of 3 ½ ft. width and 30ft length are prepared with one part sand and 2part mud and one part dry cowdung.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Sandal.jpg
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File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg
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File:SantalumAlbumLeaf.jpg
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0029.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0028.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0027.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0025.jpg|Flowers in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0023.jpg|Flowers in [[Hyderabad, India]].
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File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W2 IMG 0023.jpg|Flowers
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File:Sandal leaf.jpg|Leaves
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File:Santalum album Fruit Krish.jpg|Fruit
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428257 Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31727 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://contentzza.com/santalum-album-cultivation-techniques/ Cultivation details]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-013-0331-3 Essential oil content and composition of Indian sandalwood]
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* [http://www.agrifarming.in/sandalwood-cultivation/ Santalum album on agri farming.in]
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* [http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/29134 antalum album on Indianforester.co.in]
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Santalum+album Santalum album on Useful Tropical Plants]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Santalaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:07, 4 August 2020

Anindita ,Santalum album, Indian sandalwood

Santalum album is a small tropical tree and it is widely cultivated and long lived, although harvest is viable after 40 years.

Uses

Skin diseases, Swelling, Inflammation, Itching, Eczema, Acne, Bronchitis, Headache, Fever, Gastric, Chronic cough, Scabies.

Parts Used

Fruits, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as alpha- and beta-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Agarugandha, Bavanna
Hindi Chandan
Malayalam Chandanam, Chandana-mutti
Tamil Anukkam, Asam
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Anindita, Arishta-phalam
English Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Sheeta (cold)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Small tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate Leaf Shape is Elliptic-ovate to lanceolate

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Brownish-purple 5-20 In axillary and terminal paniculate cymes and Flowering from December-April

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Globose drupe 7–10 mm Fruiting throughout the year Beaked with basal part of the style, dark black when ripe. - {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed beds of 3 ½ ft. width and 30ft length are prepared with one part sand and 2part mud and one part dry cowdung.[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tall grasslands, Meadows, Borders of forests and fields.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Chemical constituents
  2. ↑ Morphology
  3. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Santalum_album_-_Anindita&oldid=51384"