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 '''Black pepper''' (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, . It is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn. When fresh and fully mature, it is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed, like all drupes. Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's P. nigrum crop as of 2013.  

{{Common names|kn=Eddemunchi, eddemunci, kaalu menasu, karee menasuEddemunci|ml=cattuCattu-molagoi, kolakam, kuru-milagu, kuru-mulakaKolakam|sa=cavyam, dhanwantariCavyam, dharmapattanaDhanwantari|ta=aguttam, akuttam, alar2, alarkay, alarkaycceti, alarmancalAguttam, alivaliyanmaniAkuttam|te=maarichamuMaarichamu, maricamuMaricamu|hi=chocamirchChocamirch, filfilgirdFilfilgird|en=Black pepper, Madagascar pepper}}

{{Leaf|alternativeAlternative|Oblong|Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>

{{Fruit|oblong Oblong pod|5 mm in diameter||seeds Seeds upto 1|Fruiting throughout the year}}

* [[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]]* , [[Bilvādileha]], [[Trikatu churna]], [[Chandrapraha vati]], [[Marichadi vati]], [[Tribhuvana kirti rasa]], [[Lohaasava]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>

{{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Seeds}}

A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 35°c, but can tolerate 10 - 40°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>

{{Commonly seen|Trophical Tropical region}}, {{Commonly seen|At moist regionsMoist region}}, {{Commonly seen|At hot regions}}.

<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712116"Chemical Constituents"]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.britannica.com/plant/black-pepper-plantMorphology]</ref><ref name="MorphologyAyurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/21/black-pepper-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Piper+nigrum"Cultivation detail"]</ref>