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 '''Black pepper''' (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, . It is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn. When fresh and fully mature, it is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter and dark red, and contains a single seed, like all drupes. Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper, producing 34% of the world's P. nigrum crop as of 2013.  

{{Uses|Improves Digestion}}, {{Uses|vitiligoVitiligo}}, {{Uses|skin Skin disease}}, {{Uses|Peptic Ulcers}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}.

It contains globulol, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene and α-terpinene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>

{{Common names|kn=Eddemunchi, eddemunci, kaalu menasu, karee menasuEddemunci|ml=cattuCattu-molagoi, kolakam, kuru-milagu, kuru-mulakaKolakam|sa=cavyam, dhanwantariCavyam, dharmapattanaDhanwantari|ta=aguttam, akuttam, alar2, alarkay, alarkaycceti, alarmancalAguttam, alivaliyanmaniAkuttam|te=maarichamuMaarichamu, maricamuMaricamu|hi=chocamirchChocamirch, filfilgirdFilfilgird|en=Black pepper, Madagascar pepper}}

{{Leaf|ParipinnateAlternative|Oblong|Leaf Arrangementis Arrangement is Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>

{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|pinkWhite, yellow||Flowering throughout the year and In terminal and/or axillary pseudoracemesThe small flowers are in dense slender spikes of about 50 blossoms each}}

{{Fruit|oblong Oblong pod|Thinly septate, pilose, wrinkled5 mm in diameter|||seeds Seeds upto 51|Fruiting throughout the year}}

* [[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]]* , [[Bilvādileha]], [[Trikatu churna]], [[Chandrapraha vati]], [[Marichadi vati]], [[Tribhuvana kirti rasa]], [[Lohaasava]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>

{{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Seeds}}

A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>

{{Commonly seen|tropicalTropical region}}, {{Commonly seen|moist regionsMoist region}}, {{Commonly seen|At hot regions}}.

<ref name="chemical composition">["Chemistry"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2003.9712116 Chemical Constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[ https://www.britannica.com/plant/black-pepper-plant Morphology]</ref><ref name="MorphologyAyurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/21/black-pepper-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[ "http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Piper+nigrum Cultivation detail"]</ref>