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[[File:Cissus quadrangularis MS0938.jpg|thumb|right|''Cissus quadrangularis'', ''Asthisamharaka'']]
'''Asthisamharaka''' is a perennial plant of the Grape family. It is also known as veldt grape, devil's backbone, adamant creeper, cissus quadrangularis, hadjod and pirandai. The plant grows throughout India, especially, in gotter regions and in Sri Lanka.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Bone Fracture}}, {{Uses|Low bone mineral density}}, {{Uses|Osteoporosis}}, {{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Joint pains}}, {{Uses|Hyperuricemia}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Rickets}}, {{Uses|Obesity}}, {{Uses|Internal Bleeding}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoid}}, {{Uses|Improve digestion}}, {{Uses|Syphilis}}, {{Uses|Menorrhagia}}, {{Uses|Pyorrhea}}<ref name="Uses"/>
===Food===
Asthisamharaka can be used in food. Young leaves and tender stems are cooked in curries. They are also used in preparation of papad<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}.
==Chemical Composition==
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=Saduballiಮಂಗರವಲ್ಲಿ Mangaravalli, ಸಂದುಬಳ್ಳಿ Sanduballi|ml=changalam Changalam paranda|sa=Asthisamharaka|ta=pindaiPindai, perandai|te=nalleruNalleru|hi=Harshankar|en=Veld Grape}}
==Properties==
===Prabhava===
===Nutritional components===
Asthisamharaka Contains the Following nutritional components like - Phytogenic steroid, Ketosteroids, Sitosterol; δ-amyrin, δ-amyrone; triterpenoids; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
==Habit==
===Flower===
{{Flower|umbellate Umbellate cymes|10–15 cm long|greenishGreenish-yellow, red tipped||Flowering throughout the year}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A globose berry|fruit Fruit is apiculate and green turning red when ripe|seed Seed smooth|Fruiting throughout the year|}}
===Other features===
{{Propagation|Cuttings}}
==How to plant/cultivateCultivation Details==Cuttings with one or few segmengts can be planted. They require full sun and very warm conditions to thrive. A plant of drier to arid regions, mainly in the lowland tropics and frost-free subtropics, though it can also be found at elevations over 2,000 metres <ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Asthisamharaka is available from January to June<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversityKappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No.org/species/show/32116 "Morphology"]125</ref><ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf "Chemical composition"]</ref> <ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2010/05/08/strengthen-your-bones-joints-and-cartilages-with-cissus-quadrangularis/ "Ayurvedic preparations"]</ref><ref name="Uses">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/cissus-quadrangularis-hadjod/ "Cissus Uses"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.columbuscactusclub.com/cissus-quadrangularis.html "Cultivation Details]</ref><ref name="]Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.52, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
</references>
