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[[File:"Calotropis flower".JPG|thumb|right|'' Sadapushpa'', ''Mandara'', ''Calotropis flower'']]
'''Calotropis procera Ait''' is a large shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) 4m tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in color. The This plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem. The latex of Calotropis gigantea contains cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, and calcium oxalate. Arka consists of dried roots of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Fam.Asclepiadaceae) found wild more or less throughout Indiais belongs to Aslepiacea family.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses|Painful joints}}, {{Uses|Skin blemishes}}, {{Uses|Leucoderma}}, {{Uses|vitiligoVitiligo}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Pain in ears}}<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
==Chemical Composition==
The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones". These belong to the same chemical family as similar chemicals found in foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea). The steroidal component includes an hydroxyl group in the C3β position, a second attached to the C14 carbon, a C/D-cis ring junction and an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone in the C17 position. In the plants, the steroidal component is commonly attached via a glycosidic link to a 2-desoxy or a 2,6-didesoxy sugar molecule.<ref name="Chemical Composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|sa=Bhaanu, Ravi, Tapana, Arka|en=Aakado|gu=Aakado|hi=Aak, Akavana, Madar|kn=Ekka, Ekkadagida, Ekkegida|ks=Vasa|ml=Erikku|mr=Rui|pa=Ak|ta=Erukku, Vellerukku|te=Jilledu}}<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|milky white sapSimple|largeOpposite|Elliptic-ovate to obovate, greyish-green in colour and have entire margins, relatively thick (5-30 cm long and 4-15 cm wide)|The leaves greyishwith a cordate leaf base. Secondary veins 5-green in colour and have entire margins.7 pairs}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|borne Borne in clusters|15-25 mm across|white White or pinkishPurplish|fiveFive| Flowering occurs mostly during winter.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|largeLarge|6-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide||These fruit have thick and spongy skins which split open at maturity|numerous brown, flattened Flattened seeds|}}
===Other features===
==How to plant/cultivate==
Succeeds in the drier tropics. Most commonly found in areas of the tropics with a specific dry season, at elevations up to 1,000 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Starr 010701-9001 Calotropis procera.jpg|''Calotropis procera'' fruit
File:Starr 070730-7945 Calotropis gigantea.jpg|Floral tassels made from ''Calotropis'' flowers.
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicinal Plants of Gadag pdf, Page no - 91</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[httpshttp://keyservertropical.lucidcentraltheferns.org/weeds/datainfo/media/Html/calotropis_proceraviewtropical.htm "Queenland govt"php?id=Calotropis+gigantea Cultivation Details]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivateUses">[httphttps://tropicalwww.thefernsbimbima.infocom/herbs/medicinal-uses-of-madar-or-arka/viewtropical.php?id=Calotropis+gigantea "Cultivation Details"688/ Medicinal uses of Madar]</ref>
<ref name="UsesChemical Composition">[https://www.bimbimaresearchgate.comnet/herbspublication/medicinal-uses-of-madar-or-arka/688/ "Medicinal uses of Madar"241039494_Chemical_composition_of_Calotropis_gigantea Chemical Composition]</ref>
<ref name="Chemical CompositionCommon names">[httpsKarnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no://www.researchgate.net/publication/241039494_Chemical_composition_of_Calotropis_gigantea "Chemical Composition"]245</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [http://nif.org.in/CALOTROPIS-PROCERA Calotropis procera Ait on national innovation foundation=]
* [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.upwta.1_478 calotropis Calotropis procera Ait on global plants]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876921/ Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait.)]
* [http://www.science20.com/humboldt_fellow_and_science/blog/calotropis_procera_ait_rbr_arka_important_drug_ayurveda CALOTROPIS PROCERA (Ait.) R.Br. Arka, an important drug of Ayurveda]
[[Category: Ayurvedic Pharmacopedia of India]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Apocynaceae]]
