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[[File:Mulluvenga (Malayalam- മുള്ളുവേങ്ങ) (2957650349).jpg|thumb|right|''Ekavira'', ''Bridelia retusa'']]
'''Ekavira''' is a deciduous tree, usually growing . Usually it grows up to 10 metres tall but occasionally to 20 metres. The bole is up to 30cm in diameter, armed with scattered, pointed thorns up to 4cm long. Trees may or may not possess spines on the trunk.The tree is harvested from the wild for local use as a medicine, food and source of a good quality wood.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
===Food===
Ekavira can be used in food. Ripe fruits are eaten raw<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
==Chemical Composition==
The bark contains 16–40% tannin. Presence of a triterpene ketone in the bark is reported. Ripe fruit
pulp contains beta-sitosterol and gallic and ellagic acids. <ref name="Chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=garigeGarige, havugandhaHavugandha, mullabenghaMullabengha, mulluhonneMulluhonne, siruhonneSiruhonne|ml=mulluvengaMulluvenga, mullangayamMullangayam, komanciKomanci|sa=asanaAkadivi, ekadiviEkavira, ekaviraMahavira, mahaviraPasanabheda, pasanabhedaSakridvira, sakridvira, suvarikaSuvarika|ta=acavaiAcavai, adamaruduAdamarudu, malaivengaiMalaivengai, mullumarathuMullumarathu, mulluvengaiMulluvengai|te=bontavegiBontavegi, dudimaddiDudimaddi, errabottukaErrabottuka, mulu Mulu maddi, peddaanemPeddaanem, putta karakasalaakaPutta Karakasalaaka|hi=ekdaniaEkdania, kasaiKasai|en=}}.<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
Pitta, Vata
===Prabhava===
===Nutritional components===
Bridelia retusa contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-A, E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
==Habit==
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|alternateAlternate|5-22 x 3-11 cm, broadly elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong, obovate or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse retuse or subacute, base round, obtuse, truncate, cordate or acute, margin entire or slightly crenulate, bright green and glabrous above(turning pinkish-brown before falling), glaucous and usually finely tomentose beneath, coriaceous; stipules 7 mm long, lateral, lanceolate, deciduous; petiole 9-15 mm long, stout, pubescent when young; lateral nerves 14-25 pairs, parallel, prominent, dichotomously forked near the margin, intercostae scalariform, prominent.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|unisexualUnisexual|axillary Axillary or terminal dense clusters|greenish Greenish yellow|5|some Some times paniculate spikes often exceeding the leaves; bracts scaly. Male flowers: 7 mm across, tepals 10, biseriate, valvate; outer tepals 3 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, thick, truncate, shortly connate, acute, inner ones 2 mm, obovate, cuneate, obtuse, fimbriate; stamens 5, monadelphous, born on a gonophore, exserted; filaments 0.7 mm, anthers oblong; pistillode bifurcate; disc annular. Female flowers: 6.5 mm across, tepals 10, biseriate, lanceolate, valvate; outer and inner 2.5 and 1.5 mm long, coriaceous, puberulous without, truncate, shortly connate, fimbriate, acute; ovary half inferior, globose, 2 x 1 mm, 2-locular, ovules 2 in each cell; styles 2, forked, 2 mm; stigmatiferous; disc with an inner, membranous, fimbriate corona enclosing basal part of ovary.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A drupe|7 - 8 mm||purplishPurplish-black, seated on the persistent, slightly enlarged calyx, pyrenes 2, epicarp crustaceous; seed one in each pyrene.|}}
===Other features===
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How Cultivation Details==Acid treatment before sowing. Should be planted in the full sun; no aftercare is necessary<ref name="Cultivation details"/>. Ekavira is available through June to plantDecember<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/cultivate==>.
==Season to grow==
===Soil typeRequired Ecosystem/Climate==<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
==Kind of soil needed==
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2011/08/bridelia-retusa.html Uses]</ref>
<ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
<ref name="Cultivation details">[http://www.plantekey.com/plants/euphorbiaceae/bridelia-retusa Cultivation details]</ref>
<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[Required Ecosystem/Climate]</ref>
<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.32, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Bridelia+retusaBridelia retusa on the ferns.info] * [http://wildedibles.teriin.org/index.php?album=Wild-edibles/Fruits/Bridelia-retusaBridelia retusa on wild edibles.teriin.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Tree]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Phyllanthaceae]]
