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Ballota nigra - Black horehound

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Ballota nigra (black horehound) is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia, and it can be found throughout Europe. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.
== Description Uses== Ballota nigra has a very strong characteristic smell that reminds of mould or humidity{{Uses|rheumatism}}, {{Uses|eye diseases}}, {{Uses|gonorrhea}}, and can be recognised by its clusters of hairy{{Uses|diabetes}}, reddish-purple flowers. It can grow up to 3 feet in height{{Uses|gout}}.
Fruit==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Root}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets==Chemical Composition==Ballota nigra contains diterpenoids like marrubiin, cylindrical to ovoidballonigrin, 2 mm longballotinone, partially or fully covered by the calyxballotenol and 7-acetoxymarrubiin. The basal end is flat and attached Also, it contains phenylpropanoids that have shown to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed.be antioxidants<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Leaves==Common names=={{Common names|kn=āvarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=āvārai|te=taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna}}
Leaves are opposite and decussate, and range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole. Upper face is wrinkled, with a net-like vein pattern.==Habit=={{Habit|branched shrub}}
== Uses Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|alternate|stipulate|The leaves are alternate, stipulate, paripinnate compound, very numerous, closely placed, rachis 8.8-12.5 cm long, narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescent, with an erect linear gland between the leaflets of each pair, leaflets 16-24, very shortly stalked 2-2.5 cm long 1-1.3 cm broad, slightly overlapping, oval oblong, obtuse, at both the ends}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
Usually===Flower==={{Flower|bisexual|2.5 cm long|bright yellow|5-20|The racemes are few-flowered, short, erect, crowded in axils of upper leaves so as to form a large terminal inflorescence stamens barren; the plant ovary is used drysuperior, harvested when blooming. [[Ayurvedic medicine]] (Syrups) can be made from fresh plantsunilocular, with marginal ovules.}}
===Fruit==={{Fruit|short legume|7.5–11 cm long, 1.5 cm broad|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|oblong, obtuse, tipped with long style base, flat, thin, papery, undulately crimpled, pilose, pale brown.|12-20 seeds}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Plants reach about 3 m height with 3.5 cm stem diameter in 2 years, in 4 years about 5 m height and 7 cm stem diameter. Flowering and fruiting is almost throughout the year, but in India there are usually two main flowering periods, one in the early monsoon and another in the late monsoon.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|dry regions of India}}, {{Commonly seen|sea coast}}, {{Commonly seen|dry zone in Sri Lanka}}.  ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg Image:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> ==References== <references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.2571&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Pharmacological"]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[http://eol.org/pages/703261/details "eol.ord"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Senna+auriculata+(L.)+Roxb. "prota4u"]</ref></references> == External Links ==
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballota_nigra Ballota nigra-Wikipedia]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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