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Calotropis gigantea - Arka plant

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Sadapushpa, Mandara, Calotropis flower

It is a large shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in color. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small "crown" rising from the center which holds the stamens. The aestivation found in calotropis is valvate i.e. sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem. The latex of Calotropis gigantea contains cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, and calcium oxalate.

Uses

Parts Used

Chemical Composition

The milky sap contains a complex mix of chemicals, some of which are steroidal heart poisons known as "cardiac aglycones". These belong to the same chemical family as similar chemicals found in foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea). The steroidal component includes an hydroxyl group in the C3β position, a second attached to the C14 carbon, a C/D-cis ring junction and an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone in the C17 position. In the plants, the steroidal component is commonly attached via a glycosidic link to a 2-desoxy or a 2,6-didesoxy sugar molecule

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Ekka, Ekkagida
Hindi Ak, Akada, Safed-ak
Malayalam Erikku
Tamil Vellaerukku
Telugu Nallajelledu, Mandaramu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Swetarka, Arka, Ravi
English Madar


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Vata, Kapha

Prabhava

Habit

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
milky white sap large, relatively thick (5-30 cm long and 4-15 cm wide) The leaves greyish-green in colour and have entire margins

.[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
borne in clusters 15-25 mm across white or pinkish five Flowering occurs mostly during winter.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
large 6-12 cm long and 3-7 cm wide These fruit have thick and spongy skins which split open at maturity numerous brown, flattened seeds {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

How to plant/cultivate

Succeeds in the drier tropics. Most commonly found in areas of the tropics with a specific dry season, at elevations up to 1,000 metres[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Photo Gallery

  • Calotropis procera fruit

  • Calotropis procera

  • Calotropis procera

  • Calotropis procera

  • Calotropis gigantea

  • Floral tassels made from Calotropis flowers.

  • Starr 010503-9002 Calotropis procera.jpg

References

External Links

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