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Difference between revisions of "Semecarpus anacardium - Agnimukh, Marking nut"

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'''Agnimukh''' or '''Semecarpus anacardium''' or '''Guḍḍe geru bija''' (Hindi: भिलावा, Nepali:भलायो,Tibetan:གོ་བྱེ། Sanskrit: अग्निमुख) is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.<ref name="int"/>
 
'''Agnimukh''' or '''Semecarpus anacardium''' or '''Guḍḍe geru bija''' (Hindi: भिलावा, Nepali:भलायो,Tibetan:གོ་བྱེ། Sanskrit: अग्निमुख) is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.<ref name="int"/>
  
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== Description ==
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Stomach pain}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Purifying blood}}, {{Uses|piles}}, {{Uses|tongue sores}}, {{Uses|Gum inflammation}}, {{Uses|Spongy gums}}, {{Uses|bedsores}}, {{Uses|wounds}}, {{Uses|malaria}}.
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It is a deciduous tree. Like the closely related cashew, the fruit is composed of two parts, a reddish-orange accessory fruit and a black drupe that grows at the end. The nut is about 25 millimetres (1 in) long, ovoid and smooth lustrous black. The accessory fruit is edible and sweet when ripe, but the black fruit is toxic and produces a severe allergic reaction if it is consumed or its resin comes in contact with the skin. The seed inside the black fruit, known as godambi (गोडम्बी), is edible when properly prepared.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
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*It is used for improving sexual power and increasing sperm count, curing diseases related to digestive system, balancing Kapha dosha (कफ दोष) in body. It is said that, no Kapha [[dosha]] remains after it is treated with this fruit.
 
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*The red-orange part is collected and dried in sun. It is consumed after it is semi dried. If consumed in very large quantity, it is said to induce abortion. In moderation, it is however considered good for female reproductive system.<ref name="uses"/>
 
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*Various parts of these plants are commonly used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of various ailments, mainly alimentary tract and certain dermatological conditions. Reports have shown noticeable impact on illnesses related to the heart, blood pressure, respiration, cancer and neurological disorders.
 
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*The seed inside the samecarpus anacardium is known as "Godambi" in Hindi and is widely used in India as dry fruit. Godambi is eaten by Indians in winter and was commonly used as a method of birth control for women.<ref name="uses2"/>
 
  
 +
==Chemical Composition==
 +
Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes. They also contain saponins, conspicuous amount of tannins, and moderate quantities of reducing sugars, resins and terpenoid.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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==common name==
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==Common names==
 +
{{Common names|kn=Togari, Kari Uddu, Togaribele|ml=Thuvara, Tuvara|sa=Tuvari, Adhaki|ta=Tovarai, Thovary|te=Kandulu, Kadulu|hi=Arahad, Arahar|en=Pigeon Pea, Red Gram}}
  
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* '''English''' - Marking Nut
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==Habit==
 +
{{Habit|A small erect shrub}}
  
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* '''Kannada''' -ಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಗೇರು ಬೀಜ
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==Identification==
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* '''Hindi''' - भिलावा
+
===Leaf===
 +
{{Leaf|Simple|tri-foliolate,lanceolate| Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
 +
 
 +
===Flower===
 +
{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|yellow, papilionaceous|Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae, and resemble, for example, the pea ( Pisum sativum ) flower. Each flower has 10 stamens, 9 of which are fused into a partial tube, with the tenth stamen free. The ovary is positioned above the sepals, petals and stamens. The style is curved}}.
 +
 
 +
===Fruit===
 +
{{Fruit|straight or sickle|2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm|The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled.
 +
 
 +
|many seeds}}
 +
 
 +
===Other features===
 +
 
 +
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 +
* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
 +
 
 +
==Where to get the saplings==
 +
==Mode of Propagation==
 +
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttung}}.
 +
 
 +
==How to plant/cultivate==
 +
Seed germinate in about 2 weeks. Quite frequently (in India) pigeon pea is grown mixed with other crops or grown in alternate rows with rows of sorghum, groundnuts, sesame, cotton, pineapples, millets or maize.For pure crops pigeon pea should be sown 2.5–5 cm deep in rows 40–120 cm by 30–60 cm.About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. Plants show little response to fertilizers.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 +
 
 +
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 +
{{Commonly seen|Semi-arid tropics}}, {{Commonly seen|Humid areas}}, {{Commonly seen|cold-free zones}}.
 +
 
 +
==Photo Gallery==
 +
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Cajanus cajan.jpg
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File:Cajan2.jpg
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File:Cajan3.jpg
 +
File:Cajan4.jpg
 +
File:Cajan5.JPG
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
==References==
  
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== References ==
 
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<references>
 
<references>
−
<ref name="int">[http://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/anacardium.html  Henriette's Herbal Homepage]</ref>
+
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255353/ "journal of advance pharmaceutical technology"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[http://easyayurveda.com/2012/12/05/bhallataka-qualities-and-uses-total-ayurveda-details/  "Bhallatak"]</ref>
+
<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1152177-2 "kewscience"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses2">Sold by Patricia McCormick page 11</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html "purdue university"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/diseases-pigeon-pea Pigeon pea on Agropedia]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semecarpus_anacardium Semecarpus anacardium]
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* [https://plantvillage.org/topics/pigeon-pea/infos Pigeon pea on PlantVillage]
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*[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Marking%20Nut.html flowersofindia]
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* [https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cajanus_cajun.html Cajanus cajun - purdue.edu]
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* [https://www.feedipedia.org/node/22444 Cajanus cajun on Feedipedia]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 12:30, 4 April 2018

Agnimukh, Guḍḍe geru bija

Agnimukh or Semecarpus anacardium or Guḍḍe geru bija (Hindi: भिलावा, Nepali:भलायो,Tibetan:གོ་བྱེ། Sanskrit: अग्निमुख) is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.[1]

Uses

Jaundice, Stomach pain, Diabetes, Purifying blood, piles, tongue sores, Gum inflammation, Spongy gums, bedsores, wounds, malaria.

Parts Used

Seeds, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Chemical constituent investigations have indicated that Cajanus cajan leaves are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes. They also contain saponins, conspicuous amount of tannins, and moderate quantities of reducing sugars, resins and terpenoid.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Togari, Kari Uddu, Togaribele
Hindi Arahad, Arahar
Malayalam Thuvara, Tuvara
Tamil Tovarai, Thovary
Telugu Kandulu, Kadulu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Tuvari, Adhaki
English Pigeon Pea, Red Gram


Habit

A small erect shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple tri-foliolate,lanceolate Leafs are 2.5-13.5 cm long to 1-5.5 cm wide. The leaflets are green above and a silvery grey-green beneath and are covered on their lower surfaces in small yellow glands

.[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14cm long yellow, papilionaceous Typical of species belonging to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae, and resemble, for example, the pea ( Pisum sativum ) flower. Each flower has 10 stamens, 9 of which are fused into a partial tube, with the tenth stamen free. The ovary is positioned above the sepals, petals and stamens. The style is curved {{{5}}}

.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
straight or sickle 2-13 cm long x 0.5-1.5 cm The seeds are 4-9 mm x 3-8 mm and can be white, brown, purplish, black or mottled.


many seeds {{{5}}} {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttung.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed germinate in about 2 weeks. Quite frequently (in India) pigeon pea is grown mixed with other crops or grown in alternate rows with rows of sorghum, groundnuts, sesame, cotton, pineapples, millets or maize.For pure crops pigeon pea should be sown 2.5–5 cm deep in rows 40–120 cm by 30–60 cm.About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. About 3–4 seeds may be planted in each hill, and later thinned to 2 plants per hill. Plants show little response to fertilizers.[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Semi-arid tropics, Humid areas, cold-free zones.

Photo Gallery

  • Cajanus cajan.jpg
  • Cajan2.jpg
  • Cajan3.jpg
  • Cajan4.jpg
  • Cajan5.JPG

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named int
  2. ↑ "journal of advance pharmaceutical technology"
  3. ↑ "kewscience"
  4. ↑ "purdue university"

External Links

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