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[[File:Limonia acidissima (6941726106).jpg|thumb|right|''Kapitha'', ''Limonia acidissima'']]
 
[[File:Limonia acidissima (6941726106).jpg|thumb|right|''Kapitha'', ''Limonia acidissima'']]
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'''Limonia acidissima''' is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. It is native to the Indomalaya ecozone to Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and in Indochinese ecoregion east to Java and the Malesia ecoregion.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Earache}}, {{Uses|Scurvy}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Kidney problems}}, {{Uses|Liver problems}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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'''Limonia acidissima''' is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. It is native to the Indomalaya ecozone to Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and in Indochinese ecoregion east to Java and the Malesia ecoregion. Common names for the species in English include '''''wood-apple''''' and '''''elephant-apple'''''. It is reputed for its medicinal properties.<ref name="uses"/>
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===Food===
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Limonia acidissima can be used in Food. Pulp of ripe fruits is eaten raw and used in preparation of soft drink and jam.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
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== Description ==
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
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Limonia acidissima is a large tree growing to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, with rough, spiny bark. The leaves are pinnate, with 5-7 leaflets, each leaflet 25–35 mm long and 10–20 mm broad, with a citrus-scent when crushed. The fruit is a berry 5–9 cm diameter, and may be sweet or sour. It has a very hard rind which can be difficult to crack open, and contains sticky brown pulp and small white seeds. The fruit looks similar in appearance to the Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos).
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Fruit pulp contains large quantity of citric acid and other fruit acids, mucilage and minerals.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The fruit is used to make a fruit juice with astringent properties and jams. Its leaves also have medicinal properties and are considered auspicious to be offered to Lord Shiva in pujas. A majority of the Hindu temples will have a sacred tree with in its compound and is known as the sthala vriksha.
 
  
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==Common name==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Dadhiphala, Nayibel|ml=Vilankai, Vilarmaram|sa=Dadhittha, Danthashatha|ta=Vila, Vilampazam|te=Kapitthhamu|hi=Pushpaphal, Katabel|en=Wood apple, Monkey fruit}}
  
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* '''English''' - wood-apple
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==Properties==
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* '''Hindi''' - कैथा
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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== References ==
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===Rasa===
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<references>
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<ref name="uses">[https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/fruit/health-benefits-of-wood-apple-or-bel-fruit.html Health Benefits of Wood Apple or Bel Fruit]</ref>
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===Guna===
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===Veerya===
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===Vipaka===
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===Karma===
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===Prabhava===
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===Nutritional components===
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Limonia acidissima Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-C; Phosphorus, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Deciduous tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Pinnate|Alternate|Imparipinnate, alternate, 1-3 in a cluster, estipulate; rachis 60-80 mm long, stout, glabrous, often narrowly winged.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Polygamous|1-3 cm across|Yellow|10-12|Dull red, 1.3 cm across, in axillary cymes; calyx small, flat, 5-toothed, pubescent with out, deciduous. Flowering season is November to March}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Berry|5-7.6 cm across||Globose, whitish-brown, rind hard and woody; seeds many, embedded in pulp|Many|Fruiting season is November to March }}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Nyagrodhadi churna]]
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* [[Dashamoolarishta]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The wood-apple is generally grown from seeds though seedlings will not bear fruit until at least 15 years old. Multiplication may also be by root cuttings, air-layers, or by budding<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Limonia acidissima available through March to August<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>. 
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Dry plains}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Coth bael.jpg
 +
Feronia elephantum Govindoo.jpg
 +
Feronia elephantum PannaTR.jpg
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Feronia Elephantum tree.JPG
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Gardenology.org-IMG 7688 qsbg11mar.jpg
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Gardenology.org-IMG 7689 qsbg11mar.jpg
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Kapithama (Sanskrit- कपित्थं) (2276565334).jpg
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Kapittam (Tamil- கபித்தம்) (7087799491).jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.mpbd.info/plants/limonia-acidissima.php Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of  Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 262</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2017/12/28/wood-apple-kaitha-feronia-limonia-limonia-acidissima/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/wood-apple.html Cultivation Details]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:263</ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.105, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/fruit/health-benefits-of-wood-apple-or-bel-fruit.html Surprising Benefits Of Wood Apple Or Bael Fruit]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonia_acidissima Limonia acidissima-Wikipedia]
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* [http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104652:feronia-limonia-1&catid=199&Itemid=139 Glob in med.com]
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* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/14756360903514156 Constituents of Limonia acidissima inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Rutaceae]]

Latest revision as of 11:29, 12 November 2021

Kapitha, Limonia acidissima

Limonia acidissima is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. It is native to the Indomalaya ecozone to Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and in Indochinese ecoregion east to Java and the Malesia ecoregion.

Uses

Indigestion, Earache, Scurvy, Diabetes, Kidney problems, Liver problems, Snakebites, Malaria, Sore throats.[1]

Food

Limonia acidissima can be used in Food. Pulp of ripe fruits is eaten raw and used in preparation of soft drink and jam.[2]

Parts Used

Fruits, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Fruit pulp contains large quantity of citric acid and other fruit acids, mucilage and minerals.[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Dadhiphala, Nayibel
Hindi Pushpaphal, Katabel
Malayalam Vilankai, Vilarmaram
Tamil Vila, Vilampazam
Telugu Kapitthhamu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Dadhittha, Danthashatha
English Wood apple, Monkey fruit


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Limonia acidissima Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-C; Phosphorus, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium[2]

Habit

Deciduous tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Pinnate Alternate Imparipinnate, alternate, 1-3 in a cluster, estipulate; rachis 60-80 mm long, stout, glabrous, often narrowly winged.

[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Polygamous 1-3 cm across Yellow 10-12 Dull red, 1.3 cm across, in axillary cymes; calyx small, flat, 5-toothed, pubescent with out, deciduous. Flowering season is November to March

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Berry 5-7.6 cm across Globose, whitish-brown, rind hard and woody; seeds many, embedded in pulp Many Fruiting season is November to March

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[5]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The wood-apple is generally grown from seeds though seedlings will not bear fruit until at least 15 years old. Multiplication may also be by root cuttings, air-layers, or by budding[6]. Limonia acidissima available through March to August[2].

Commonly seen growing in areas

Dry plains, Himalayas.

Photo Gallery

  • Coth bael.jpg
  • Feronia elephantum Govindoo.jpg
  • Feronia elephantum PannaTR.jpg
  • Feronia Elephantum tree.JPG
  • Gardenology.org-IMG 7688 qsbg11mar.jpg
  • Gardenology.org-IMG 7689 qsbg11mar.jpg
  • Kapithama (Sanskrit- कपित्थं) (2276565334).jpg
  • Kapittam (Tamil- கபித்தம்) (7087799491).jpg

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:263
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.105, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Chemical constituents
  4. ↑ Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 262
  5. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  6. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Limonia_acidissima_-_Kapitha&oldid=56096"