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Difference between revisions of "Rubia cordifolia - Manjishtha"

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[[File:Rubia cordifolia.jpg|thumb|right|''Manjishtha'', ''Rubia cordifolia'']]
 
[[File:Rubia cordifolia.jpg|thumb|right|''Manjishtha'', ''Rubia cordifolia'']]
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'''Manjishtha''' is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Uterine bleeding}}, {{Uses|Internal and external haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses|Stones in the kidney}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Bladder and gall}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Febrifuge}}
  
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'''Manjishtha''' or '''Rubia cordifolia''', often known as common madder or Indian madder, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Root}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Whole plant}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Hydroxy-3-ethyl, anthraquinone, dihydroxy, pentyl-naphthaquinonyl, phenanthrene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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It can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3–5 mm across), with five pale yellow petals, in dense racemes, and appear from June to August, followed by small (4–6 mm diameter) red to black berries. The roots can be over 1 m long, up to 12 mm thick. It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಠ Manjishta, ಸಿರಗತ್ತಿ Siragatthi|ml=Chovvallikkoti, Man-chetti|sa=Aruna, Asra|ta=Manjitti, Sevvelli|te=Chiranji, Manjishta|mr=Manjishta|pa=Kattha|ks=Dandu, Mazait|hi=Majith|en=Indian Madder, Common Madder}}<ref name="Common names"/>
  
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Rubia cordifolia was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth century. The plant's roots contain an organic compound called Alizarin, that gives its red colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder. It was also used as a colourant, especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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It is known as btsod in Traditional Tibetan Medicine where it is used to treat blood disorders; spread heat , excess heat in the lungs, kidneys, and intestines; reduce swelling; and is a component of the three reds , a subcompound included in many Tibetan preparations in order to remove excess heat in the blood.
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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== External Links ==
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Perennial plant}}
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubia_cordifolia Rubia cordifolia-Wikipedia]
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Ovate|The evergreen leaves are 5-10 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|3-5 mm|Yellow|5-20|The flowers are small, with five greenish yellow or pale yellow petals, in dense racemes. Flowering from September to November}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Black berry|4-6 mm|Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|Many|Fruiting from September to November}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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[[Maha Manjishtadi kashaya]], [[Kumkumadi tail]], [[Maharaja prasarini tailam]], [[Panchatikta guggulu ghrita]], [[Arimedaadi taila]], [[Ashwgandharishta]], [[Ushiraasava]], [[Kalyana grita]], [[Kantakaari avaleha]], [[Kunkumaadi taila]], [[Chopa chiniyadi churna]], [[Chandanaadi taila]], [[Chandanaasava]], [[Jatyadi Taila]], [[Jatyadigritha]], [[Dashamulaarishta]], [[Dhanvantari taila]], [[Pindataila]], [[Punarnavaadi taila]], [[Manjishtaadi kvata]], [[Manjishtaadi taila]], [[Raktashodhaka Tab]], [[Cystone Tablets]], [[Surakta]], [[Sundari kalpa]]<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Two node root cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The plant is propagated through seeds and two-node root cuttings. The seeds are collected during December and January. The seeds obtained from dried ripe black fruits are sown in nursery beds either in rows or randomly by broadcasting. A thin layer of soil and organic manure is spread over the seeds, and the beds are regularly watered.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Forest edges}}, {{Commonly seen|Evergreen forest}}, {{Commonly seen|Rocky areas}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Mancitti (Tamil- மஞ்சிட்டி) (4846178555).jpg|Leaves
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Manjishta (Marathi- मंजिष्ठ) (6331765104).jpg|Flower
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Manjishta (Telugu- మంజిష్ఠ) (6331763392).jpg|Flower
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/rubia-cordifolia-a-review-on-pharmaconosy-and-phytochemistry/?view=fulltext Phytochemical Studies]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Madder.html Plant decsripiton]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/r/rubia-cordifolia Common names]</ref>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3 by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No. 1010, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/rubia-cordifoli Cultivation Details]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/manjistha-rubia-cordifolia Rubia cordifolia on planet ayurveda]
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* [https://www.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper09702.html Rubia cordifolia on Rubia cordifolia Plant Descriptions and Source.]
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* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/231021 Rubia cordifolia on india biodiversity portal]
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* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Rubia+cordifolia+L. Rubia cordifolia on port4.org]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Rubiaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:27, 7 August 2024

Manjishtha, Rubia cordifolia

Manjishtha is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.

Uses

Uterine bleeding, Internal and external haemorrhage, Bronchitis, Rheumatism, Stones in the kidney, Blotches, Bladder and gall, Dysentery, Febrifuge

Parts Used

Root, Stem, Whole plant.

Chemical Composition

Hydroxy-3-ethyl, anthraquinone, dihydroxy, pentyl-naphthaquinonyl, phenanthrene.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಠ Manjishta, ಸಿರಗತ್ತಿ Siragatthi
Hindi Majith
Malayalam Chovvallikkoti, Man-chetti
Tamil Manjitti, Sevvelli
Telugu Chiranji, Manjishta
Marathi Manjishta
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi Kattha
Kashmiri Dandu, Mazait
Sanskrit Aruna, Asra
English Indian Madder, Common Madder

[2]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Perennial plant

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Ovate The evergreen leaves are 5-10 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 3-5 mm Yellow 5-20 The flowers are small, with five greenish yellow or pale yellow petals, in dense racemes. Flowering from September to November

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Black berry 4-6 mm Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown With hooked hairs Many Fruiting from September to November

[4]

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Maha Manjishtadi kashaya, Kumkumadi tail, Maharaja prasarini tailam, Panchatikta guggulu ghrita, Arimedaadi taila, Ashwgandharishta, Ushiraasava, Kalyana grita, Kantakaari avaleha, Kunkumaadi taila, Chopa chiniyadi churna, Chandanaadi taila, Chandanaasava, Jatyadi Taila, Jatyadigritha, Dashamulaarishta, Dhanvantari taila, Pindataila, Punarnavaadi taila, Manjishtaadi kvata, Manjishtaadi taila, Raktashodhaka Tab, Cystone Tablets, Surakta, Sundari kalpa[4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Two node root cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The plant is propagated through seeds and two-node root cuttings. The seeds are collected during December and January. The seeds obtained from dried ripe black fruits are sown in nursery beds either in rows or randomly by broadcasting. A thin layer of soil and organic manure is spread over the seeds, and the beds are regularly watered.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Forest edges, Evergreen forest, Rocky areas.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Flower

  • Flower

References

  1. ↑ Phytochemical Studies
  2. ↑ Common names
  3. ↑ Plant decsripiton
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3 by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No. 1010, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  5. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Rubia_cordifolia_-_Manjishtha&oldid=58754"