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Difference between revisions of "Anthocephalus cadamba - Kadamba, Wild cinchona"

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[[File:Kadam Flower3.jpg|thumb|right|''Toothache plant'']]
 
[[File:Kadam Flower3.jpg|thumb|right|''Toothache plant'']]
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'''Wild cinchona or Kadamba''' scientifically known as Neolamarckia cadamba is a large, evergreen tree with beautiful & unique flowers. It is a fast growing tree with a broad crown and is even planted sacredly near temples.
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'''Kadamba''' scientifically known as Neolamarckia cadamba. It is a large, evergreen tree with beautiful & unique flowers. It is a fast growing tree with a broad crown and is even planted sacredly near temples. This tree is belongs to Rubiaceae family.<ref name="Plant family"/>
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
 
{{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Cancer}}, {{Uses|Fungal infections}}, {{Uses|Musculo-skeletal diseases}}, {{Uses|High cholesterol}}, {{Uses|Triglycerides}}, {{Uses|Parasitic infection}}, {{Uses|Digestive disturbances}}.
 
{{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Cancer}}, {{Uses|Fungal infections}}, {{Uses|Musculo-skeletal diseases}}, {{Uses|High cholesterol}}, {{Uses|Triglycerides}}, {{Uses|Parasitic infection}}, {{Uses|Digestive disturbances}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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The preliminary phytochemical screening of Anthocephalus cadamba whole plant showed the presence of saponins, terpenes, sesquiterpenes glycosides, alkaloids and absence of anthraquinones and flavonoids. A variety of phytoconstituents, such as cadambine, cadamine, β-sitosterol, quinovic acid, chlorogenic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The preliminary phytochemical screening of Anthocephalus cadamba whole plant showed the presence of saponins, terpenes, sesquiterpenes glycosides, alkaloids and absence of anthraquinones and flavonoids.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|sa=kadamba, vrattapuspa, sisupala |hi=kadam, kadamb|ka=apathyada mara, arisina thaega, dhaaruja kaare, kadambole |ml=atuthekku, kadambu, attutek, attuttekka |mr=kalamb, kadam, kadamb|ta=kadambu, kathambu, kola aiyila, acokari, ruttiratcakatampu |te=begada, kadamba, kadambakamu, kadambamu, kadambe}}
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{{Common names|sa=Kadamba, Vrattapuspa, Sisupala |hi=Kadam, Kadamb|ka=Apathyada mara, Arisina thaega, Dhaaruja kaare, Kadambole |ml=Atuthekku, Kadambu, Attutek, Attuttekka |mr=Kalamb, Kadam, Kadamb|ta=Kadambu, Kathambu, Kola aiyila, Acokari, Ruttiratcakatampu |te=Begada, Kadamba, Kadambakamu, Kadambamu, Kadambe}}
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|10-25 x 6-12 cm, ovate or elliptic-oblong, apex acuminate, base truncate or obtuse, margin entire, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; stipules interpetiolar, lanceolate, cauducous; petiole 20-45 mm, stout, glabrous; lateral nerves 10-14 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae scalariform, prominent. }}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|10-25 x 6-12 cm, ovate or elliptic-oblong, apex acuminate, base truncate or obtuse, margin entire, glabrous above, pubescent beneath.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|5-6 x 3-4 mm|creamish yellow|5|Flowers bisexual, yellowish, in globose heads, 2-4.5 cm across. Calyx tube 2-3 mm in diameter, tube globose, lobes 5, 5-6 x 3-4 mm, membranous. Corolla tube 6-8 mm long, lobes 5, oblong, acute, 3-4 cm long, glabrous. Stamens 5, 3 mm long, anthers sagittate, sessile. Ovary 3-4 mm long, 2-celled at base, 4-celled above, inferior, ovules many; style exserted to 5-6 mm, entire; stigma clavate.}}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|5-6 x 3-4 mm|Creamish yellow|5|Flowers bisexual, yellowish, in globose heads, 2-4.5 cm across. Calyx tube 2-3 mm in diameter, tube globose, lobes 5, 5-6 x 3-4 mm, membranous.}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|capsule|Fruit a capsule on a fleshy globose receptacle, 3.5-5 cm across, orange yellow, capsule membranous; |||seeds many, angular, minute.|Flowering and fruiting April to August}}
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{{Fruit|Capsule|Fruit a capsule on a fleshy globose receptacle, 3.5-5 cm across, orange yellow, capsule membranous; |||Seeds many|Flowering and fruiting April to August}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
−
 
+
* [[Nyagrodhadi kashaya]]
 +
* [[Grahanimihira taila]]
 +
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
  
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
−
{{Propagation|Seeds}}
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Kadamba is a deciduous tree which grows throughout India, especially in low lying areas and wet regions. They need full Sun to partial shade and the temperature varies up to 20’ – 40’ Celsius.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Seeds are mixed with sand and broadcasted, and the seeds are patted down, taking care not to bury them.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 +
 
 +
==Season to grow==
 +
Rainy season
 +
 
 +
==Soil type required==
 +
It grows well in deep moist alluvial soils, often along river banks.<ref name="Soil type required"/>
 +
 
 +
==Ecosystem/Climate==
 +
Anthocephalus cadamba is a typical pioneer species that grows best on deep, moist, alluvial sites, and often in secondary forests along riverbanks and in the transitional zone between swampy, permanently flooded and periodically flooded areas.<ref name="Ecosystem/Climate"/>  
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Bark of Anthocephalus kadamba.jpg
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−
Anthocephalus.jpg
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Anthocephalus.jpg|Buds
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File:Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba) (Rubiaceae) (8080116333).jpg|Leaves
 
File:Buds of Kadam.jpg|Buds
 
File:Buds of Kadam.jpg|Buds
 
Trunk of Neolamarckia cadamba at Ramna Park, Dhaka. 2018. 3.jpg|Trunk
 
Trunk of Neolamarckia cadamba at Ramna Park, Dhaka. 2018. 3.jpg|Trunk
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289604857_Anthocephalus_cadamba_A_comprehensive_review Chemical composition]</ref>
 
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289604857_Anthocephalus_cadamba_A_comprehensive_review Chemical composition]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32002 Morphology]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32002 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://www.anandagreenmanthra.in/blog/kadamba-the-enlightened-one/ Cultivation]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2016/10/03/kadamba-neolamarckia-cadamba-benefits-remedies-research-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
 +
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/forestry/tree-crops/neolamarckia-cadamba Cultivation]</ref>
 +
<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:69</ref>
 +
 
 +
<ref name="Ecosystem/Climate">[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a7a1/8ccc08e97178830d33b1bf65b966e728e152.pdf Climate required]</ref>
 +
 
 +
<ref name="Soil type required">[https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/forestry/tree-crops/neolamarckia-cadamba#:~:text=NAA%20500%20ppm.-,Plantation%20management,spacing%20during%20the%20monsoon%20season. Soil type required]</ref>  
 +
 
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
 
 
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
 
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
 +
[[Category:Rubiaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:46, 19 August 2020

Toothache plant

Kadamba scientifically known as Neolamarckia cadamba. It is a large, evergreen tree with beautiful & unique flowers. It is a fast growing tree with a broad crown and is even planted sacredly near temples. This tree is belongs to Rubiaceae family.[1]

Uses

Diabetes, Cancer, Fungal infections, Musculo-skeletal diseases, High cholesterol, Triglycerides, Parasitic infection, Digestive disturbances.

Parts Used

Barks, Flowers, Leaves, Fruits.

Chemical Composition

The preliminary phytochemical screening of Anthocephalus cadamba whole plant showed the presence of saponins, terpenes, sesquiterpenes glycosides, alkaloids and absence of anthraquinones and flavonoids.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada NA
Hindi Kadam, Kadamb
Malayalam Atuthekku, Kadambu, Attutek, Attuttekka
Tamil Kadambu, Kathambu, Kola aiyila, Acokari, Ruttiratcakatampu
Telugu Begada, Kadamba, Kadambakamu, Kadambamu, Kadambe
Marathi Kalamb, Kadam, Kadamb
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Kadamba, Vrattapuspa, Sisupala
English NA


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Opposite 10-25 x 6-12 cm, ovate or elliptic-oblong, apex acuminate, base truncate or obtuse, margin entire, glabrous above, pubescent beneath.

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual 5-6 x 3-4 mm Creamish yellow 5 Flowers bisexual, yellowish, in globose heads, 2-4.5 cm across. Calyx tube 2-3 mm in diameter, tube globose, lobes 5, 5-6 x 3-4 mm, membranous.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Capsule Fruit a capsule on a fleshy globose receptacle, 3.5-5 cm across, orange yellow, capsule membranous; Seeds many Flowering and fruiting April to August

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings

How to plant/cultivate

Seeds are mixed with sand and broadcasted, and the seeds are patted down, taking care not to bury them.[5]

Season to grow

Rainy season

Soil type required

It grows well in deep moist alluvial soils, often along river banks.[6]

Ecosystem/Climate

Anthocephalus cadamba is a typical pioneer species that grows best on deep, moist, alluvial sites, and often in secondary forests along riverbanks and in the transitional zone between swampy, permanently flooded and periodically flooded areas.[7]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Subtropical area.

Photo Gallery

  • Buds

  • Leaves

  • Buds

  • Trunk

  • Flowers

  • Fruit

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:69
  2. ↑ Chemical composition
  3. ↑ Morphology
  4. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  5. ↑ Cultivation
  6. ↑ Soil type required
  7. ↑ Climate required

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Anthocephalus_cadamba_-_Kadamba,_Wild_cinchona&oldid=51727"