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Difference between revisions of "Madhuca longifolia - Indian butter tree"

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[[File:Madhuca indica (Mahua) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0067.jpg|thumb|right|''Indian butter tree'']]
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'''Butter tree''' is a deciduous tree with a large, spreading, rounded crown that can grow 16 metres or more tall.A multipurpose tree that is very important to the local economy, supplying a range of foods, medicines and other commodities.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Leprosy}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Bleeding gums}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
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===Food===
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Madhuca longifolia can be used in Food. Fleshy corolla is eaten raw and used in sweet preparations. Dried flowers are floured and used for making Bhakari (bread). Flowers are fermented to make liquor. Oil is extracted from seeds.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Flowers}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds oil}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
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==Chemical Composition==
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It consists of Glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The pharmacological studies proved that it possess wide range of biological activities such as antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|sa=Madhuca|en=Honey tree, Butter tree|hi=Mahua, Mohwa|kn=Ippe, Aaluppe|ks= |ml=Illupa|mr=Kat-illipi|ta=Kaattu|te=Ippa}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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===Veerya===
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===Vipaka===
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===Karma===
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===Prabhava===
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===Nutritional components===
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Madhuca longifolia Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-C, Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Folic acid, Betaine, , Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic, Linoleic acid, Tannins<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Deciduous tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Paripinnate|Oblong|Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Pink||Flowering: February-April, May-June}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Oblong pod|Thinly septate, pilose, wrinkled|||Seeds upto 5|Fruiting: February-April, May-June}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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[[Abhayāriṣṭa]], [[Arjunaarishta]], [[Aravindaasava]], [[Ojola]], [[Kutajaarishta]], [[Chandanaasava]], [[Neela]], [[Yoshaamrit]], [[Sukumaara grita]], [[Swarna Muktaadi Gutika]], [[Surabhi]], [[Suriya Gold]], [[Surodhini]]<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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A plant of the subtropics to the hot tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 1200metres. Able to resist some frost, it grows in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 2 - 46°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Madhuca longifolia is available through November to January<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Deciduous forests}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry plain forests}}, {{Commonly seen|Cultivated fields}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Gulu (Hindi- गुलू ) (3558304005).jpg|Leaves
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File:Ilippa (Malayalam- ഇലിപ്പ) (3393850707).jpg|Flower
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Ippe (Kannada- ಇಪ್ಪೆ) (2463481357).jpg|Fruit
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Madhuca indica (Mahua) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0065.jpg|Hole plant
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2018;volume=11;issue=1;spage=9;epage=14;aulast=Jha Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32002 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Madhuca+longifolia Cultivation]</ref>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.73, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.106, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/phytochemistry-ethnomedical-uses-and-future-prospects-of-mahua-madhuca-longifolia-as-a-food-a-review-2155-9600-1000573.php?aid=84604&view=mobile Madhuca longifolia on omics online.org]
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* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hlca.200490109 Madhuca longifolia on online library.wiley.com]
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Sapotaceae]]

Latest revision as of 10:27, 4 April 2022

Indian butter tree

Butter tree is a deciduous tree with a large, spreading, rounded crown that can grow 16 metres or more tall.A multipurpose tree that is very important to the local economy, supplying a range of foods, medicines and other commodities.

Uses

Cough, Cold, Bronchitis, Leprosy, Diabetes, Bleeding gums, Skin diseases[1].

Food

Madhuca longifolia can be used in Food. Fleshy corolla is eaten raw and used in sweet preparations. Dried flowers are floured and used for making Bhakari (bread). Flowers are fermented to make liquor. Oil is extracted from seeds.[2]

Parts Used

Flowers, Bark, Seeds oil, Seeds[1].

Chemical Composition

It consists of Glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The pharmacological studies proved that it possess wide range of biological activities such as antiulcer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Ippe, Aaluppe
Hindi Mahua, Mohwa
Malayalam Illupa
Tamil Kaattu
Telugu Ippa
Marathi Kat-illipi
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri
Sanskrit Madhuca
English Honey tree, Butter tree

[1]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Madhuca longifolia Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-C, Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Folic acid, Betaine, , Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic, Linoleic acid, Tannins[2].

Habit

Deciduous tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Paripinnate Oblong Leaf Arrangement is Alternate-spiral

[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Pink Flowering: February-April, May-June

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Oblong pod Thinly septate, pilose, wrinkled Seeds upto 5 Fruiting: February-April, May-June

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Abhayāriṣṭa, Arjunaarishta, Aravindaasava, Ojola, Kutajaarishta, Chandanaasava, Neela, Yoshaamrit, Sukumaara grita, Swarna Muktaadi Gutika, Surabhi, Suriya Gold, Surodhini[1].

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds

How to plant/cultivate

A plant of the subtropics to the hot tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 1200metres. Able to resist some frost, it grows in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 2 - 46°c[5]. Madhuca longifolia is available through November to January[2].

Commonly seen growing in areas

Deciduous forests, Dry plain forests, Cultivated fields.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Flower

  • Fruit

  • Hole plant

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.73, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.106, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Chemical constituents
  4. ↑ Morphology
  5. ↑ Cultivation

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Madhuca_longifolia_-_Indian_butter_tree&oldid=56980"