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Difference between revisions of "Ballota nigra - Black horehound"
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[[File:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|thumb|right|''Ballota nigra'']] | [[File:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|thumb|right|''Ballota nigra'']] | ||
| − | + | '''Ballota nigra''' is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August. | |
| − | Ballota nigra | ||
| − | |||
==Uses== | ==Uses== | ||
| − | {{Uses| | + | {{Uses|Nervous dyspepsia}}, {{Uses|Travelling sickness}}, {{Uses|Morning sickness in pregnancy}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Gout}}. |
==Parts Used== | ==Parts Used== | ||
| − | {{Parts Used| | + | {{Parts Used|Flowers}}. |
==Chemical Composition== | ==Chemical Composition== | ||
| Line 13: | Line 11: | ||
==Common names== | ==Common names== | ||
| − | {{Common names|kn= | + | {{Common names|kn=Avarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=Avarai|te=Taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna}} |
| + | |||
| + | ==Properties== | ||
| + | Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics. | ||
| + | ===Dravya=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Rasa=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Guna=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Veerya=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Vipaka=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Karma=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Prabhava=== | ||
==Habit== | ==Habit== | ||
| Line 20: | Line 34: | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
===Leaf=== | ===Leaf=== | ||
| − | {{Leaf| | + | {{Leaf|Opposite|Decussate|Range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole.}}.<ref name="Leaf"/> |
===Flower=== | ===Flower=== | ||
| − | {{Flower| | + | {{Flower|Bisexual|Length 9–10 mm, width 7 mm|Purple to withish, pink|Ovary is superior, with a single white style and a 2-parted stigma|Flower has an actinomorphic calyx, made up by five sepals fused together in a tube with five teeths}} |
===Fruit=== | ===Fruit=== | ||
| − | {{Fruit| | + | {{Fruit|Cylindrical to ovoid|2 mm long|Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets|The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed.|12-20 seeds}} |
===Other features=== | ===Other features=== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 53: | ||
==How to plant/cultivate== | ==How to plant/cultivate== | ||
Prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> | Prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Season to grow== | ||
| + | <ref name="Season to grow"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Required Ecosystem/Climate== | ||
| + | <ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Kind of soil needed== | ||
==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ==Commonly seen growing in areas== | ||
| − | {{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen| | + | {{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Hedgerows}}, {{Commonly seen|Shady places}}, {{Commonly seen|Preferring nitrogen-rich}}, {{Commonly seen|Moist}} |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | <gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> | ||
| − | File:BALLOTA NIGRA - AGUDA - IB-546 (Malrubí negre).JPG| | + | File:BALLOTA NIGRA - AGUDA - IB-546 (Malrubí negre).JPG|Flower |
| − | + | Image:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|Leaves | |
| − | + | Image:Ballota_nigra_meridionalis.jpg|Buds | |
| − | Image:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg | + | Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_1.jpg|Whole herb |
| − | Image:Ballota_nigra_meridionalis.jpg| | + | Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_2.jpg|Fruits |
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_1.jpg| | ||
| − | Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_2.jpg| | ||
| − | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 60: | Line 78: | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
| − | <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-center/plant-profiler/ballota-nigra.html | + | <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-center/plant-profiler/ballota-nigra.html Pharmacology]</ref> |
| − | <ref name="Leaf">[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/ballota/nigra/ | + | <ref name="Leaf">[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/ballota/nigra/ Characteristics]</ref> |
| − | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ballota+nigra | + | <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ballota+nigra Cultivation details"\]</ref> |
</references> | </references> | ||
| Line 71: | Line 89: | ||
[[Category:Herbs]] | [[Category:Herbs]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Lamiaceae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:49, 29 October 2020
Ballota nigra is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.
Contents
- 1 Uses
- 2 Parts Used
- 3 Chemical Composition
- 4 Common names
- 5 Properties
- 6 Habit
- 7 Identification
- 8 List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
- 9 Where to get the saplings
- 10 Mode of Propagation
- 11 How to plant/cultivate
- 12 Season to grow
- 13 Required Ecosystem/Climate
- 14 Kind of soil needed
- 15 Commonly seen growing in areas
- 16 Photo Gallery
- 17 References
- 18 External Links
Uses
Nervous dyspepsia, Travelling sickness, Morning sickness in pregnancy, Arthritis, Gout.
Parts Used
Chemical Composition
Ballota nigra contains diterpenoids like marrubiin, ballonigrin, ballotinone, ballotenol and 7-acetoxymarrubiin. Also, it contains phenylpropanoids that have shown to be antioxidants[1]
Common names
| Language | Common name |
|---|---|
| Kannada | Avarike |
| Hindi | Tarwar |
| Malayalam | |
| Tamil | Avarai |
| Telugu | Taṃgēḍu |
| Marathi | NA |
| Gujarathi | NA |
| Punjabi | NA |
| Kashmiri | NA |
| Sanskrit | Aaavartaki |
| English | Avaram senna |
Properties
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
Dravya
Rasa
Guna
Veerya
Vipaka
Karma
Prabhava
Habit
Identification
Leaf
| Kind | Shape | Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Opposite | Decussate | Range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole. |
.[2]
Flower
| Type | Size | Color and composition | Stamen | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bisexual | Length 9–10 mm, width 7 mm | Purple to withish, pink | Ovary is superior, with a single white style and a 2-parted stigma | Flower has an actinomorphic calyx, made up by five sepals fused together in a tube with five teeths |
Fruit
| Type | Size | Mass | Appearance | Seeds | More information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cylindrical to ovoid | 2 mm long | Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets | The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed. | 12-20 seeds | {{{6}}} |
Other features
List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
- Vishatinduka Taila as root juice extract
Where to get the saplings
Mode of Propagation
How to plant/cultivate
Prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade[3]
Season to grow
Required Ecosystem/Climate
Kind of soil needed
Commonly seen growing in areas
Waste ground, Hedgerows, Shady places, Preferring nitrogen-rich, Moist
Photo Gallery
Flower
Leaves
Buds
Whole herb
Fruits
.JPG)
References
- ↑ Pharmacology
- ↑ Characteristics
- ↑ Cultivation details"\
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSeason to grow - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRequired Ecosystem/Climate
External Links
Categories:
- Pages with reference errors
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Nervous dyspepsia
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Travelling sickness
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Morning sickness in pregnancy
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Arthritis
- Ayurvedic Herbs known to be helpful to treat Gout
- Herbs with Flowers used in medicine
- Herbs with common name in Kannada
- Herbs with common name in Hindi
- Herbs with common name in Tamil
- Herbs with common name in Telugu
- Herbs with common name in Sanskrit
- Herbs with common name in English
- Habit - Perennial herb
- Index of Plants which can be propagated by Seeds
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Waste ground
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Hedgerows
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Shady places
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Preferring nitrogen-rich
- Herbs that are commonly seen in the region of Moist
- Herbs
- Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos
- Lamiaceae
