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Difference between revisions of "Cocos nucifera - Coconut tree"

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[[File:Sayulita nayarit mexico playa pintura.jpg|thumb|right|Tender coconut]]
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The '''Cocos nucifera''' is a member of the family Arecaceae. The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling coconut is an archaic form of the word.
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[[File:තැඹිලි විකිනීම.jpg|thumb|right|"Tender coconut"]]
 
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[[File:Coconut Market.JPG|thumb|right|"coconut"]]
 
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The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) and the only species of the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word. The term is derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word coco meaning "head" or "skull", from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features.
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}<ref name="Uses"/>
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{{Uses|Ring worms}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Candidiasis}}, {{Uses|Psoriasis}}, {{Uses|Skin burns}}, {{Uses|Sunburns}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Dandruff}}, {{Uses|Baldness}}<ref name="Uses"/>
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Per 100 g, the kernel is reported to contain 36.3 g H2O 4.5 g protein, 41.6 g fat, 13.0 g total carbohydrate, 3.6 g fiber, 1.0 g ash, 10 mg Ca, 24 mg P, 1.7 mg Fe, and traces of beta-carotene<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Per 100 g, the kernel is reported to contain 36.3 g H2O 4.5 g protein, 41.6 g fat, 13.0 g total carbohydrate, 3.6 g fiber, 1.0 g ash, 10 mg Ca, 24 mg P, 1.7 mg Fe, and traces of beta-carotene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=tengina kayi, tengu|ml=Thengu|sa=|ta=Tennai|te=kobbari chettu|hi=Nariya|en=Coconut}}
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{{Common names|kn=Tengina kayi, tengu|ml=Thengu|sa=|ta=Tennai|te=Kobbari chettu|hi=Nariya|en=Coconut}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Guru (Heavy), Snigda (unctuous)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Karma===
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Vata, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|lanceolate|The leaves, from 4 to 6 m long, are pinnate; they consist of linear-lanceolate, more or less recurved, rigid, bright green leaflets}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Lanceolate|The leaves, from 4 to 6 m long, are pinnate; they consist of linear-lanceolate, more or less recurved, rigid, bright green leaflets}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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The inflorescences, arising at leaf axils and enveloped by a carinate spathe, are unbranched spadices; female flowers are borne basally, male flowers at apex. Flowers bear lanceolate petals, 6 stamens and an ovary consisting of 3 connate carpels.
 
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Cross pollination, either anemophilous or entomophilous, occurs.
 
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Its fruit, as big as a man’s head and 1-2 kg in weight, is a drupe with a thin, smooth, grey-brownish epicarp, a fibrous, 4-8 cm thick, mesocarp and a woody endocarp; as it is rather light, it can be carried long distances by water while keeping its germinability for a long time.
 
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Inside it contains one seed, rich in reserve substances located in the endosperm which is partly liquid (coconut milk), partly solid (flesh).
 
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When its embryo germinates, its radicle breaks through one of the three germinating pores, visible from the outside as well.
 
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===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual||Yellow|6|female flowers are borne basally, male flowers at apex. Flowers bear lanceolate petals, 6 stamens and an ovary consisting of 3 connate carpelst}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual||Yellow|6|Female flowers are borne basally, male flowers at apex. Flowers bear lanceolate petals, 6 stamens and an ovary consisting of 3 connate carpelst}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|big as a man’s head|4-8 cm thick|mesocarp and a woody endocarp; as it is rather light, it can be carried long distances by water while keeping its germinability for a long time|smooth, grey-brownish epicarp|single}}
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{{Fruit|Big as a man’s head|4-8 cm thick|Mesocarp and a woody endocarp; as it is rather light, it can be carried long distances by water while keeping its germinability for a long time|smooth, grey-brownish epicarp|single}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
 
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Easily grown in most soils[21][22], preferring a calcareous soil. Thrives in a dry lightly shaded position[16], though it prefers full sun.
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Coconuts grow well in lowland tropical regions as far as 26° north and south of the Equator and up to a maximum elevation of around 1,000 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Plants usually self-sow quite freely when growing in a suitable position[19]. The seeds are contained in burrs that can easily attach themselves to clothing or animal's fur, thus transporting them to a new area where they can germinate and grow.The cultivar 'Sweet scented' is popular in France for making tea because the whole plant is sweet scented and the flowers have a spicy apricot-like fragrance<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|tropical seashores}}, {{Commonly seen|alluvial plains}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical seashores}}, {{Commonly seen|Alluvial plains}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Odermennig.jpg
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Image:Cocos nucifera - Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden.jpg|[[Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden]], [[USA]]
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File:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
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File:Coconut tree (2094056434).jpg|Leaves
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Image:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg
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File:Coconut inflorescense Pj DSC 1962.jpg|Flowers
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File:Coconut flowers (5476099379).jpg|Flowers
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File:King coconut in Kerala, India.jpg|Fruits
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File:Kokosovi orehi,16.06.24.jpg|Fruits with husk removed
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cocos_nucifera.html "puredue university"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Cocos_nucifera.html Chemistry]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.dipbot.unict.it/palms/descr01.html Botanical description]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocos+nucifera Cultivation details]</ref>
  
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.dipbot.unict.it/palms/descr01.html "coconut palm"]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">[http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/coconut.htm Buko Health Benefits]</ref>
  
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[Coconuts grow well in lowland tropical regions as far as 26° north and south of the Equator and up to a maximum elevation of around 1,000 metres "practical palnts"]</ref>
 
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=276638 Cocos nucifera on missouri botanical garden]
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* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/11788 Cocos nucifera-Cookies on Invasive Species Compendium]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671521/ Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae): A phytochemical and pharmacological review]
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* [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Coconut.html Cocos nucifera on flowers of india]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Arecaceae]]

Latest revision as of 14:58, 17 April 2020

Tender coconut

The Cocos nucifera is a member of the family Arecaceae. The term coconut can refer to the whole coconut palm or the seed or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling coconut is an archaic form of the word.

Uses

Ring worms, Cuts, Candidiasis, Psoriasis, Skin burns, Sunburns, Toothache, Dandruff, Baldness[1]

Parts Used

Leaves, Roots, stems.

Chemical Composition

Per 100 g, the kernel is reported to contain 36.3 g H2O 4.5 g protein, 41.6 g fat, 13.0 g total carbohydrate, 3.6 g fiber, 1.0 g ash, 10 mg Ca, 24 mg P, 1.7 mg Fe, and traces of beta-carotene.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Tengina kayi, tengu
Hindi Nariya
Malayalam Thengu
Tamil Tennai
Telugu Kobbari chettu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Coconut


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru (Heavy), Snigda (unctuous)

Veerya

Sheeta (cold)

Vipaka

Madhura (Sweet)

Karma

Vata, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Lanceolate The leaves, from 4 to 6 m long, are pinnate; they consist of linear-lanceolate, more or less recurved, rigid, bright green leaflets

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Yellow 6 Female flowers are borne basally, male flowers at apex. Flowers bear lanceolate petals, 6 stamens and an ovary consisting of 3 connate carpelst

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Big as a man’s head 4-8 cm thick Mesocarp and a woody endocarp; as it is rather light, it can be carried long distances by water while keeping its germinability for a long time smooth, grey-brownish epicarp single {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Coconuts grow well in lowland tropical regions as far as 26° north and south of the Equator and up to a maximum elevation of around 1,000 metres.[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical seashores, Alluvial plains, Borders of forests and fields.

Photo Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Buko Health Benefits
  2. ↑ Chemistry
  3. ↑ Botanical description
  4. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

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