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Difference between revisions of "Anacardium occidentale - Vrikkaphala"

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[[File:Cashew Brazil fruit 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Vrikkaphala'', ''Anacardium occidentale '']]
 
[[File:Cashew Brazil fruit 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Vrikkaphala'', ''Anacardium occidentale '']]
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'''Vrikkaphala''' or the Cashew nut tree is a moderate sized tree with sprawling branches that is cultivated in India for its nuts. The tree originates in South America
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'''Vrikkaphala''' or the Cashew nut tree is a moderate sized tree with sprawling branches that is cultivated in India for its nuts. The tree originates in South America.
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
 
{{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Anorexia}}, {{Uses|Hair fall}}, {{Uses|Worm infestation}}, {{Uses|General weakness}}
 
{{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Anorexia}}, {{Uses|Hair fall}}, {{Uses|Worm infestation}}, {{Uses|General weakness}}
 +
<ref name="Uses"/>
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Extracted Oil}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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The nut contains 45% fat and 20% protein. Leaves contain flavonoids, mainly glycosides of quercetin and
 +
kaempferol, and hydroxybenzoic acid. The bark contains a balsam-containing anacardic acid, anacardol, cardol and ginkgol. The caustic liquid in the shell contains about 39% anacardic acid, a mixture of alkyl salicylic acid derivatives. <ref name="Chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=gaeru, gaeru beeja, gaeru kaayi, godambi mara|ml=kapa-mava, kapamava, kappa-mavakuru|sa=agnikrita, arushkara, guchhapushpa, kajutah, kajutaka, vrkkaphalah|ta=andima, andimangottai, munthri-kottei|te=jaedima-midi, jeedimaamidi, jidi mamidi, jidi-mamidi-vittu|hi=kaju, kaju-ki-gutli|en=Cashew nut}}
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{{Common names|kn=Gaeru, Gaeru beeja, Gaeru kaayi, Godambi mara|ml=Kapa-mava, Kapamava, Kappa-mavakuru|sa=Agnikrita, Arushkara, Guchhapushpa, Kajutah, Kajutaka, Vrkkaphalah|ta=Andima, Andimangottai, Munthri-kottei|te=Jaedima-midi, Jeedimaamidi, Jidi mamidi, Jidi-mamidi-vittu|hi=Kaju, Kaju-ki-gutli|en=Cashew nut}}
 
<ref name="Common names"/>
 
<ref name="Common names"/>
  
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|6-15.5 x 3-8 cm, obovate; apex obtuse, round or retuse, base acute or cuneate, round, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above, coriaceous; petiole 7-15 mm, stout, swollen at base, glabrous; lateral nerves 10-15 pairs, parallel, prominent,  intercostae reticulate, prominent; glands axillary on main nerves and its branches}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|6-15.5 x 3-8 cm, obovate; apex obtuse, round or retuse, base acute or cuneate, round, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above, coriaceous; petiole 7-15 mm.s}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|bisexual||Yellow and pink|8-10|terminal prominently bracteate panicles. Calyx 5-partite, lanceolate, imbricate, deciduous, with some pubescence on outside. Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, ligulate, recurved, imbricate; disc filling the base of the calyx, erect. Stamens 8-10, one usually longer than others; filaments connate at the base and adnate to the disc, glandular puberulus. Ovary superior, obovoid or obcordate, 1-celled, ovule 1, ascending from a lateral funicle; style filiform, excentric; stigma minute. }}
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{{Flower|Bisexual||Yellow and pink|8-10|Terminal prominently bracteate panicles. Calyx 5-partite, lanceolate, imbricate, deciduous, with some pubescence on outside. Petals 5. Flowering from January to May}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Nut|2-3 cm long|Fruit a reniform nut, 2-3 cm, grey, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of enlarged disc and top of the pedicel; pericarp gives acrid caustic oil|seed reniform, ascending|}}
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{{Fruit|Nut|2-3 cm long|Fruit a reniform nut, 2-3 cm, grey, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of enlarged disc and top of the pedicel; pericarp gives acrid caustic oil|Seed reniform, ascending||Fruiting from January to May}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
 +
 
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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[[Anacardium Oxi]]<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Layering}}
  
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seed - traditionally sown in situ, germination usually taking place in 8 - 10 days. Cuttings of ripe wood at the end of the growing season. Layering. <ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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===Season to grow===
 
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===Soil type===
 
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−
 
 
−
===Propagation===
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:P1013964mod.jpg
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Image:Cashew_Brazil_fruit_cut.png|Cut of a Brazilian cashew fruit.
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File:Anacardium occidentale - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-010.jpg
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Image:Anacardium occidentale flowers.jpg|Detail of Brazilian cashew flowers.
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File:Anacardium occidentale flowers.jpg
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Image:Cashew_Brazil_trunk.jpg|Detail of a Brazilian cashew trunk.
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Caju.jpg
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Image:Cashew_Brazil_tree.jpg|Brazilian cashew trees.
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Image:cashew_fruit_and_flowers.jpg|Nuts
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Image:caju.jpg|Seedling.
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Image:CashewSnack.jpg|Cashew nut snack, roasted and salted.
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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<references>  
 
<references>  
  
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<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2011/08/anacardium-occidentale.html "Uses"]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2011/08/anacardium-occidentale.html Uses]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[FLOWERING PLANTS OF KERALA VER 2.0, N.SASIDHARAN "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref>
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−
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/index.php/bot_search]</ref>
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<ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
 +
 
 +
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anacardium+occidentale Cultivation details]</ref>
 +
 
 +
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/ BOTANIC DESCRIPTION]</ref>
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 +
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/index.php/bot_search Vernaculer names]</ref>
  
 +
<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">"Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2" by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.276, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Anacardium+occidentale]
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Anacardium+occidentale Anacardium occidentale on theferns.info]
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* [https://www.planetayurveda.com/albumgallery/index/image/?album=4]
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* [https://www.planetayurveda.com/albumgallery/index/image/?album=4 Anacardium occidentale on Planet ayurveda.com]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Plants of western ghats]][[Category:Trees]]
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[[Category:Plants of western ghats]]
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[[Category:Anacardiaceae]]
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[[Category:Pages without herbs images]]

Latest revision as of 16:08, 20 April 2023

Vrikkaphala, Anacardium occidentale

Vrikkaphala or the Cashew nut tree is a moderate sized tree with sprawling branches that is cultivated in India for its nuts. The tree originates in South America.

Uses

Parts Used

Chemical Composition

The nut contains 45% fat and 20% protein. Leaves contain flavonoids, mainly glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol, and hydroxybenzoic acid. The bark contains a balsam-containing anacardic acid, anacardol, cardol and ginkgol. The caustic liquid in the shell contains about 39% anacardic acid, a mixture of alkyl salicylic acid derivatives. [3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Gaeru, Gaeru beeja, Gaeru kaayi, Godambi mara
Hindi Kaju, Kaju-ki-gutli
Malayalam Kapa-mava, Kapamava, Kappa-mavakuru
Tamil Andima, Andimangottai, Munthri-kottei
Telugu Jaedima-midi, Jeedimaamidi, Jidi mamidi, Jidi-mamidi-vittu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Agnikrita, Arushkara, Guchhapushpa, Kajutah, Kajutaka, Vrkkaphalah
English Cashew nut

[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Kashaya (Astringent), Amla (Sour), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru (Heavy)

Veerya

Sheeta (Cold)

Vipaka

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate 6-15.5 x 3-8 cm, obovate; apex obtuse, round or retuse, base acute or cuneate, round, margin entire, glabrous, shiny above, coriaceous; petiole 7-15 mm.s

[5]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Yellow and pink 8-10 Terminal prominently bracteate panicles. Calyx 5-partite, lanceolate, imbricate, deciduous, with some pubescence on outside. Petals 5. Flowering from January to May

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Nut 2-3 cm long Fruit a reniform nut, 2-3 cm, grey, seated on a large pyriform fleshy body formed of enlarged disc and top of the pedicel; pericarp gives acrid caustic oil Seed reniform, ascending Fruiting from January to May

[2]


Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

How to plant/cultivate

Seed - traditionally sown in situ, germination usually taking place in 8 - 10 days. Cuttings of ripe wood at the end of the growing season. Layering. [6]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Photo Gallery

  • Cut of a Brazilian cashew fruit.

  • Detail of Brazilian cashew flowers.

  • Detail of a Brazilian cashew trunk.

  • Brazilian cashew trees.

  • Nuts

  • Seedling.

  • Cashew nut snack, roasted and salted.

References

  1. ↑ Uses
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2" by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.276, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru
  3. ↑ Chemical composition
  4. ↑ Vernaculer names
  5. ↑ BOTANIC DESCRIPTION
  6. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Anacardium_occidentale_-_Vrikkaphala&oldid=57235"