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*''Abhyanga'' (Sanskrit: अभ्यंग or अभ्यङ्ग "oil massage") is a form of Ayurvedic medicine that involves massage of the body with large amounts of warm oil. The oil is often pre-medicated with herbs for specific conditions. Abhyanga can be done as part of the steps of panchakarma therapy, especially in the first stage: Purva Karma (pre-treatment), or as its own therapy.
It is often followed by svedana therapy, a warm bath, yoga or laying out in the sun. Many times abhyanga is performed by two or more massage therapists working in sync but it can also be done by oneself. Oils used can vary depending on the season and the individuals constitution (prakrti) but commonly used oils include sesame, coconut, sunflower, mustard and almond. In addition to the oil abhyanga massage differs from many Western massage techniques in that it is not very deep.
*''Vamana Karma'', also known as medical emesis or medical vomiting, is one of the five Pradhana Karmas of Panchakarma which is used in treating Kaphaj disorders.
Some clinical trials have used it as a treatment for depressive disorder.Some studies have shown its effectiveness for disorders of various systems of human body.It is used as a treatment for psoriasis.There are studies for its use in young prediabetics.The majority of the studies reviewed showed positive outcomes for panchakarma and allied therapies when compared to a control. Unfortunately, only a limited number of high-quality clinical trials have been conducted to date. Common limitations include low sample size, inadequate descriptions of randomization and blinding protocols, inadequate descriptions of adverse events, and nonstandard outcome measures. In spite of this, preliminary studies support the use of panchakarma and allied therapies and warrant additional large-scale research with rigorously designed trials.
*''Virechana'' is also known as medical purgation(cleansing). It is one of the Panchakarmas. Its clinical trials have been carried out for bronchial asthma, psoriasis, diabetes. But no conclusive evidence has been found out that it works.
According to Ayurvedic claims, Virechana is the best line of management for skin disorders.
*''Basti'' is treatment done with medicinal substances, like herbal oils and decoctions in a liquid medium, into the rectum of the person. This is one of the five Pradhana Karmas of Panchakarma.
''Basti'' is used to treat '''vata''' disorders.
*''Nasya'' is a kind of Panchakarma treatment for body cleansing a used in Ayurvedic medicine. Administration of drugs by the route of nasal cavity is termed as nasya, nāvana, nasya karma, etcetera are synonymous to nasya. Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown reduction in the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis by nasya.Clinical trials of nasya have been carried out for myopia.Pradhamana nasya is used by ayurvedic physicians and have been found useful to treat chronic sinusitis.
*''Shirodhara'' is a form of Ayurveda therapy that involves gently pouring liquids over the forehead and can be one of the steps involved in Panchakarma. The name comes from the Sanskrit words shiro (head) and dhara (flow). The liquids used in shirodhara depend on what is being treated, but can include oil, milk, buttermilk, coconut water, or even plain water.
There are specialized forms of shirodhara called ksheeradhara, thakradhara, taildhara and jaladhara.
