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Elettaria cardamomum - Ela, Cardamom

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[[File:800px-Plant Elettaria cardamomum flowers 1P1110619 03.jpg|thumb|right|''Elaichi'', ''Elettaria cardomamum'']]'''Elettaria cardamomum''' is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger family. It is native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion, Indochina and Costa Rica.==Uses=={{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Nausea}}, {{Uses|Vomiting}}, {{Uses|Pulmonary disease}}, {{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Heart burn}}, {{Uses|Throat troubles}}, {{Uses|Congestion of the lungs}}, {{Uses|Kidney stones}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
'''Elettaria cardamomum'''==Chemical Composition==The main chemical components of cardamom oil are a-pinene, commonly known as '''green or true cardamom'''b-pinene, sabinene, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ginger familymyrcene, native to southern India. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in Réunion-phellandrene, Indochina and Costa Ricalimonene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=Elakki|ml=Elatarri|sa=Trutih|ta=Elam Ancha|te=Elaki|hi=Elaichi|en=Cardamom, Malabar cardamom}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
== Uses & Benefits of Elettaria Cardamom Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
#Cardamom is used internally for indigestion===Rasa===Katu (Pungent), nausea, vomiting and pulmonary disease with copious phlegm.Madhur (Sweet)===Guna===#It can be used with a laxative to prevent stomach painLaghu (Light), griping, as well as flatulence.Ruksha (Dry)#Cardamom seeds are chewed to sweeten the breath and to detoxify caffeine, in people taking excessive amounts of coffee. They are also used as a spice in cooking and as a flavoring in other medicines.===Veerya===#The oil made from cardamom seeds is very good for digestive system. It functions as a laxative and soothes colic, wind, dyspepsia and nausea. It also works to warm the stomach and helps with heart burn.Sheet (cold)#In South Asia, green cardamom is extensively used to treat infections in teeth and gums. It is also used to prevent throat troubles, congestion of the lungs, pulmonary tuberculosis and inflammation of eyelids.===Vipaka===#Cardamom is also brought in used to kidney stones and gall stones.Katu (Pungent)#The culinary uses of cardamom are enormous, notably in India. In a variety of dishes, the seeds are bruised and fried before the main ingredients. In Scandinavia, cardamom is often used in baking dishes.===Karma===#Cardamom speciesKapha, in a different genus Amomum, are used to make traditional Indian medicines.Vata#Among the other species and varieties of cardamom, Amomum villosum is used in making some traditional Chinese medicine, which can treat stomachaches, constipation, dysentery, and other digestion problems.===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Herb}}
 
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Long and sword-shaped|The underside is paler and may have a covering of tiny hairs and it is Dark green}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|Reach over 1 m in length|Pale green|5-20|The flowers contain both male and female parts. One of the petals is white and streaked with violet. Flowering from April to August}}
 
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Oval||Each fruit has three chambers filled with small aromatic seeds, each about 3 mm long|The fruits dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring|Seeds dry to a straw-brown colour and are widely used as flavouring|Fruiting from September to January}}
 
===Other features===
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
[[Anu Tailam]], [[Abana]], [[Amrita ballataki]], [[Aravindaasava]], [[Arimedaadi taila]], [[Avipattikara Churna]], [[Ashwagandhaadi Rasaayana]], [[Ashwagandhaadi Lehyam]], [[Ashwagandhaarishta]], [[Yelaadi Oil]], [[Yelaadi Churna]], [[Yelaadi Bati]], [[Imex]], [[Karpooraadi Bati]], [[Kalyanaka Gritham]], [[Kaayasiddi Lehyam]], [[Kumariyaasava]], [[Kesha sanjivini taila]], [[Kanchanaar Guggulu]], [[Khadiraarishta]], [[Garbhapaala rasa]], [[Gandhaka rasaayana]], [[Chandanaadi tailam]], [[Chandraprabha vati]], [[Chyavanaprash]], [[Jatiphalaadi Churnam]], [[Jeeraka Rasaayana]].
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
 
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
The planting is carried out during the rainy season commencing from June. Seedlings are to be planted upto the collar region for better growth.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Subtropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Indoors in a heated greenhouse}}, {{Commonly seen|Warm shady humid place}}.
 
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
A aesthetic Cardamom.JPG|Fruits
Ailu (Konkani- एळु) (5597877717).jpg|Whole plant
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).jpg|Field
Cardamom (এলাচ) 01.JPG|Seeds
Cardamom Flowers and Blooms.jpg|Flower
Cardamom flowers.jpg|Buds
Cardamom inflorescence and fruit IMG20170901151029.jpg|At field
Elettaria cardamomum Maton.jpg
Colour-&-Pattern.gif
Elettaria cardamomum (Cardamon) tree in RDA, Bogra 01.jpg
</gallery>
 
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/cardamom.htm Plant Chemicals]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796556-1 Leaf morphology]</ref>
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/12/26/cardamom-uses-research-home-remedies-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/crop%20info/Cardamom.htm Cultivation details]</ref>
<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.125, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref></ref>
</references>
 
==External Links==
* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/ella-cardamom-elettaria-cardamomum Elettaria cardomamum on planet ayurveda]
* [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287608&isprofile=0& Elettaria cardomamum on missouribotanicalgarden]
* [http://balconygardenweb.com/how-to-grow-cardamom-growing-cardamom-elaichi/ How to grow Cardamom | Growing Cardamom]
* [https://herbaria.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/plants400/Profiles/EF/Elettaria Elettaria cardomamum on herbaria plants]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Zingiberaceae]]
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