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Difference between revisions of "Syzygium cumini - Jambu, Malabar plum"

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[[File:1107Syzygium cumini Angelesfvf 04.JPG|thumb|right|'' Malabar plum'', ''Syzygium cumini'']]
 
[[File:1107Syzygium cumini Angelesfvf 04.JPG|thumb|right|'' Malabar plum'', ''Syzygium cumini'']]
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'''Syzygium cumini''' is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae. Syzygium cumini is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining regions of Southeast Asia.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Hyperglycaemia}}, {{Uses|Glycosuria}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Irregular menstruation}}, {{Uses|Mouth ulcers}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}.
  
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The common names used in English for '''Syzygium cumini''' is Indian Blackberry, '''Jambul''' and '''Java Plum'''. The common name used in Hindi is '''Jamun''' and in Sanskrit is '''Jambu'''. It is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae. Syzygium cumini is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining regions of Southeast Asia.
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===Food===
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Syzygium cumini can be used in Food. Mature fruits are eaten raw.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
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== Description ==
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
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A slow growing species, it can reach heights of up to 30 m and can live more than 100 years. Its dense foliage provides shade and is grown just for its ornamental value. At the base of the tree, the bark is rough and dark grey, becoming lighter grey and smoother higher up. The wood is water resistant. Because of this it is used in railway sleepers and to install motors in wells. It is sometimes used to make cheap furniture and village dwellings though it is relatively hard to work on.
 
  
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The leaves which have an aroma similar to turpentine, are pinkish when young, changing to a leathery, glossy dark green with a yellow midrib as they mature. The leaves are used as food for livestock, as they have good nutritional value.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Flower bud and open flowers
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Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoid contents of pulp, respectively. Kernel and seed coat contained total phenolics respectively.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Syzygium cumini fruit color changing from green to pink to blood red to black as it matures
 
  
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Syzygium cumini trees start flowering from March to April. The flowers are fragrant and small, about 5 mm in diameter. The fruits develop by May or June and resemble large berries; the fruit of Syzygium species is described as "drupaceous".<ref name="uses"/> The fruit is oblong, ovoid. Unripe fruit looks green. As it matures, its color changes to pink, then to shining crimson red and finally to black color. A variant of the tree produces white coloured fruit. The fruit has a combination of sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the tongue purple.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Jambunerale|ta=Nagai|hi=Jamun|en=Java plum, Jamun}}
  
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== Uses ==
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==Properties==
 +
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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'''Syzygium cumini has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. Some of the ailments this herb can help relieve are''' :
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
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===Nutritional components===
 +
Syzygium cumini Contains the Following nutritional components like - Ascorbic acid, acetic acid; thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, fructose and glucose carotene, vitamin A; folic acid, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic, dextrin, phytosterol, tannin, β-sitosterol. corilagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, gal-loyl-galactoside and gallic acid; chlorine, copper, iron, Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, sulfur<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
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*'''Diabetes''': Syzygium cumini can incrase the production of insulin producing beta cells of pancreas. The seeds of the tree contain glucose, which is known as jamboline. It helps to control the conversion process of starch into sugars. Urine sugar levels can be reduced by consuming seeds of the herb.<ref name="uses2"/>
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==Habit==
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*'''Stomach Problems''': The fruits of the above mentioned herb contain natural acids that help in the secretion of enzymes by the digestive glands and help to reduce stomach problems. The fruits are also considered to be a good anti scorbutic. The seeds are known to have gastro protective properties. This herb is also used to relieve diarrhea.
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{{Habit|Evergreen shrub}}
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*'''Mouth Problems''': the leaves of Syzygium cumini help in the absorption of vitamin E. The leaves also contain anti bacterial properties that can be used to relieve the inflammation of gums. They can also relieve mouth ulcerations as well as bad breath.
 
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*'''Plague''': Syzygium cumini can effectively remove the symptoms of the deadly disease of plague. And can prevent it from coming back.
 
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*'''Diarrhea''': For relieving diarrhea in children the bark of the herb along with goat’s milk can be consumed. The fruit vinegar is also used for controlling persistant diarrhea.
 
  
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple||The leaves are turpentine smell, and are opposite, 5-25 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, oblong-oval or elliptic, blunt or tapering to a point at the apex}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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==Common name==
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2.5-10 cm|White, rose-pink|5-20|These are fragrant and appear in clusters 2.5-10 cm long, each being 1.25 cm wide and 2.5 cm long}}
  
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* '''English''' - Malabar plum
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===Fruit===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಪನ್ನೇರಳೆ
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{{Fruit|Oblong|1.25-5 cm long|The fruit is usually astringent, sometimes unpalatably so, and the flavour varies from acid to fairly sweet|With hooked hairs|2-5}}
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* '''Hindi''' - गुलाब जामुन
 
  
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== References ==
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===Other features===
  
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<references>
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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<ref name="uses">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132166 "Syzygium"]</ref>
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* [[Pushyanuga churna]]
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<ref name="uses2">[http://www.alwaysayurveda.com/syzygium-cumini/ "Always Ayurveda-SYZYGIUM CUMINI"]</ref>
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* [[Musli Khadiradi churna]]
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* [[Ushirasava]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
 +
 
 +
==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 +
 
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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A plant of the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 1500 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 20 - 32°c, but can tolerate 12 - 48°c Seeds must be sown immediately after harvest, they germinate readily<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Syzygium cumini is available through March to June<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Subtropical forest areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Wet to fairly dry areas}}.
 +
 
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Syzygium cumini Blanco1.174.png
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Image:Syzygium cumini flowers.JPG
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Image:Semente partida de jambolão.JPG|Semente
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Image:Jamboleiro.JPG|Tree
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Image:Jambolão e Mosca.JPG|Flower
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Image:Frutos de Jambolão.JPG|Fruits
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Image:Frutinhos de Jambolão.JPG
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Image:Flor de Jambolão.JPG|Flower
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Image:Cacho de Jambolão.JPG|Fruits
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</gallery>
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==References==
 +
 
 +
<references>  
 +
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836162 Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/morphology-pytochemistry-and-pharmacology-of-syzygium-cumini-linn-an-overview/?view=fulltext Botanical Discription]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2013/01/29/jamun-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects-complete-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
 +
 
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Syzygium+cumini Cultivation Details]</ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.145, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.indianmirror.com/ayurveda/agrimony.html Syzygium cumini Indianmirror.com]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_cumini Syzygium cumini-Wikipedia]
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* [https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Agrimonia+eupatoria Syzygium cumini Pfaf.org]
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* [https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/agrimony-herb.html Syzygium cumini Herbal-supplement-resource.com]
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* [https://www.globalherbalsupplies.com/herb_information/agrimony.htm Syzygium cumini Globalherbalsupplies.com]
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* [https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/agrim015.html Syzygium cumini Botanical.com]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Myrtaceae]]

Latest revision as of 09:38, 17 November 2021

Malabar plum, Syzygium cumini

Syzygium cumini is an evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae. Syzygium cumini is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining regions of Southeast Asia.

Uses

Diabetes, Dysentery, Snakebites, Hyperglycaemia, Glycosuria, Wounds, Irregular menstruation, Mouth ulcers, Diarrhoea.

Food

Syzygium cumini can be used in Food. Mature fruits are eaten raw.[1]

Parts Used

Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoid contents of pulp, respectively. Kernel and seed coat contained total phenolics respectively.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Jambunerale
Hindi Jamun
Malayalam NA
Tamil Nagai
Telugu NA
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit NA
English Java plum, Jamun


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Syzygium cumini Contains the Following nutritional components like - Ascorbic acid, acetic acid; thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, fructose and glucose carotene, vitamin A; folic acid, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic, dextrin, phytosterol, tannin, β-sitosterol. corilagin, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, gal-loyl-galactoside and gallic acid; chlorine, copper, iron, Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, sulfur[1].

Habit

Evergreen shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple The leaves are turpentine smell, and are opposite, 5-25 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, oblong-oval or elliptic, blunt or tapering to a point at the apex

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2.5-10 cm White, rose-pink 5-20 These are fragrant and appear in clusters 2.5-10 cm long, each being 1.25 cm wide and 2.5 cm long

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Oblong 1.25-5 cm long The fruit is usually astringent, sometimes unpalatably so, and the flavour varies from acid to fairly sweet With hooked hairs 2-5 {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

A plant of the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 1500 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 20 - 32°c, but can tolerate 12 - 48°c Seeds must be sown immediately after harvest, they germinate readily[5]. Syzygium cumini is available through March to June[1].

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical areas, Subtropical forest areas, Wet to fairly dry areas.

Photo Gallery

  • Syzygium cumini Blanco1.174.png
  • Syzygium cumini flowers.JPG

  • Semente

  • Tree

  • Flower

  • Fruits

  • Frutinhos de Jambolão.JPG

  • Flower

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.145, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  2. ↑ Chemical constituents
  3. ↑ Botanical Discription
  4. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  5. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Syzygium_cumini_-_Jambu,_Malabar_plum&oldid=56133"