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Difference between revisions of "Momordica charantia - Karavellaka, Karabellam"

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[[File:Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Bitter Gourd FRD 7956.jpg|thumb|right|''Momordica charantia'', ''Bitter gourd'']]
 
[[File:Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Bitter Gourd FRD 7956.jpg|thumb|right|''Momordica charantia'', ''Bitter gourd'']]
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'''Momordica charantia ''' is a very vigorous, annual climbing plant. It produces stems up to 5 metres long. This plant is climb up into the surrounding vegetation, supporting itself by means of tendrils.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Colitis}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}, {{Uses|Malignant ulcers}}, {{Uses|Stomach worms}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Phlegm}}, {{Uses|Hypertension}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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'''Bitter gourd''' , known as '''bitter melon, Momordica charantia, bitter squash, or balsam-pear''', has names in other languages which have entered English as loanwords, e.g. goya from Okinawan and '''karela''' from Sanskrit. Those from the Caribbean island of Jamaica commonly refer to the plant as '''cerasee'''.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Amino acids, Glutamic acid, Lactamic acid, Beta-lactamic acid, Phenylalanine, Proline, Alpha-Aminobutyric acid, Citrulline, Galacturonic acid.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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This herbaceous, tendril-bearing vine grows up to 5 m (16 ft) in length. It bears simple, alternate leaves 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in) across, with three to seven deeply separated lobes. Each plant bears separate yellow male and female flowers. In the Northern Hemisphere, flowering occurs during June to July and fruiting during September to November.
 
  
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The fruit has a distinct warty exterior and an oblong shape. It is hollow in cross-section, with a relatively thin layer of flesh surrounding a central seed cavity filled with large, flat seeds and pith. The fruit is most often eaten green, or as it is beginning to turn yellow.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Haagalakaayi|ml=|sa=Kaarvellakah|ta=Iraca-valli|te=Kakara|hi=Kathilla|en=Bitter gourd}}
  
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When the fruit is fully ripe, it turns orange and mushy, and splits into segments which curl back dramatically to expose seeds covered in bright red pulp.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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== Uses ==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Tikta (Bitter),
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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*Bitter melon is generally consumed cooked in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon may also be eaten as greens.
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==Habit==
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*Bitter melon has been used in various Asian and African herbal medicine systems for a long time.
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{{Habit|Climber}}
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*In traditional medicine of India different parts of the plant are used as claimed treatments for diabetes, as a stomachic, laxative, antibilious, emetic, anthelmintic agent, for the treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, wounds, ulcer, gout, and rheumatism.
 
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*Momordica charantia has a number of purported uses including cancer prevention, treatment of diabetes, fever, HIV and AIDS, and infections.
 
  
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==Common name==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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* '''English''' - Bitter gourd
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===Flower===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow, white|2-3|Flowers Season is June - August}}
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* '''Hindi''' - करेला
 
  
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== External Links ==
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|General|100–200 mm|Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|The fruit is fleshy|Many}}
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia Momordica charantia-Wikipedia]
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===Other features===
  
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Brihat Sarwa Jawarahara Lauh]]
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* [[Aragwadadi kashaya]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seed - sow in situ. Seedlings emerge 5 - 7 days after sowing, but fresh seed often shows dormancy which is very hard to break and can last for some months.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Coastal thickets}}, {{Commonly seen|Along streams}}, {{Commonly seen|Along creeks}}, {{Commonly seen|Lowland forest margins}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Momordica charantia 01.JPG|Plant
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File:Momordica charantia 22042014 (2).JPG|Leafbud
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File:Momordica charantia - flower 02.jpg|Leaves and Flower
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File:MomordicaCharantia flowers.jpg|Flowers
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File:Momordica charantia - Female flower.JPG|Female flower
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File:Momordica charantia - Male flower.JPG|Male flower
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File:Momordica charantia 24042014 (2).jpg|2 days old fruit with flower
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File:Momordica charantia 25042014.jpg|3 days old fruit
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File:Momordica charantia 01052014.jpg|10 days old fruit
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File:Momordica charantia - Immature fruit.JPG|Immature fruit
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/bittermelon/data03.html Phytochemicals]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/momordica/charantia/ Charecteristics]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2016/09/20/bitter-gourd-karela-benefits-remedies-research-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Momordica+charantia Cultivation Details]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:341</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34678 Momordica charantia on cabi.org]
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* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00010a013 Chemical composition of Momordica charantia L. fruits]
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* [http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/study-on-the-chemical-constituents-of-momordica-charantia-l-leaves-andmethod-for-their-quantitative-determination.html Study on the chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L. leaves]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20055177 Chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Cucurbitaceae]]

Latest revision as of 17:38, 2 December 2020

Momordica charantia, Bitter gourd

Momordica charantia is a very vigorous, annual climbing plant. It produces stems up to 5 metres long. This plant is climb up into the surrounding vegetation, supporting itself by means of tendrils.

Uses

Colitis, Dysentery, Diabetes, Malignant ulcers, Stomach worms, Fever, Phlegm, Hypertension.[1]

Parts Used

Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Amino acids, Glutamic acid, Lactamic acid, Beta-lactamic acid, Phenylalanine, Proline, Alpha-Aminobutyric acid, Citrulline, Galacturonic acid.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Haagalakaayi
Hindi Kathilla
Malayalam
Tamil Iraca-valli
Telugu Kakara
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Kaarvellakah
English Bitter gourd


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Tikta (Bitter),

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Climber

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate Lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow, white 2-3 Flowers Season is June - August

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
General 100–200 mm Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown The fruit is fleshy Many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed - sow in situ. Seedlings emerge 5 - 7 days after sowing, but fresh seed often shows dormancy which is very hard to break and can last for some months.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Coastal thickets, Along streams, Along creeks, Lowland forest margins.

Photo Gallery

  • Plant

  • Leafbud

  • Leaves and Flower

  • Flowers

  • Female flower

  • Male flower

  • 2 days old fruit with flower

  • 3 days old fruit

  • 10 days old fruit

  • Immature fruit

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:341
  2. ↑ Phytochemicals
  3. ↑ Charecteristics
  4. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  5. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Momordica_charantia_-_Karavellaka,_Karabellam&oldid=54040"