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Difference between revisions of "Ballota nigra - Black horehound"

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(Created page with "thumb|right|''Ballota nigra'' Ballota nigra (black horehound) is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is nativ...")
 
 
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[[File:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|thumb|right|''Ballota nigra'']]
 
[[File:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|thumb|right|''Ballota nigra'']]
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'''Ballota nigra''' is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Nervous dyspepsia}}, {{Uses|Travelling sickness}}, {{Uses|Morning sickness in pregnancy}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Gout}}.
  
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Ballota nigra (black horehound) is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia, and it can be found throughout Europe. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Flowers}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Ballota nigra contains diterpenoids like marrubiin, ballonigrin, ballotinone, ballotenol and 7-acetoxymarrubiin. Also, it contains phenylpropanoids that have shown to be antioxidants<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Ballota nigra has a very strong characteristic smell that reminds of mould or humidity, and can be recognised by its clusters of hairy, reddish-purple flowers. It can grow up to 3 feet in height.
 
  
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Fruit
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Avarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=Avarai|te=Taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna}}
  
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Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets, cylindrical to ovoid, 2 mm long, partially or fully covered by the calyx. The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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Leaves
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===Rasa===
  
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Leaves are opposite and decussate, and range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole. Upper face is wrinkled, with a net-like vein pattern.
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===Guna===
  
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== Uses ==
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===Veerya===
  
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Usually, the plant is used dry, harvested when blooming. Syrups can be made from fresh plants.
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===Vipaka===
  
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== External Links ==
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===Karma===
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballota_nigra Ballota nigra-Wikipedia]
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Perennial herb}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Opposite|Decussate|Range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole.}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Length 9–10 mm, width 7 mm|Purple to withish, pink|Ovary is superior, with a single white style and a 2-parted stigma|Flower has an actinomorphic calyx, made up by five sepals fused together in a tube with five teeths}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Cylindrical to ovoid|2 mm long|Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets|The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed.|12-20 seeds}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Season to grow==
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<ref name="Season to grow"/>
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==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
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<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
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==Kind of soil needed==
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Hedgerows}}, {{Commonly seen|Shady places}}, {{Commonly seen|Preferring nitrogen-rich}}, {{Commonly seen|Moist}}
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:BALLOTA NIGRA - AGUDA - IB-546 (Malrubí negre).JPG|Flower
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Image:Ballota nigra 2005.06.19 10.13.06-p6190007.jpg|Leaves
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Image:Ballota_nigra_meridionalis.jpg|Buds
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Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_1.jpg|Whole herb
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Image:Ballota_nigra_fresnes-au-mont_55_03062007_2.jpg|Fruits
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-center/plant-profiler/ballota-nigra.html Pharmacology]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/ballota/nigra/ Characteristics]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ballota+nigra Cultivation details"\]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/black-horehound Ballota nigra on nature gate]
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* [http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/b/ballota-nigra=black-horehound.php Ballota nigra on natural medicinal herbs]
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* [http://eol.org/pages/579636/names/common_names Ballota nigra on encyclopeea of life]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Lamiaceae]]

Latest revision as of 17:49, 29 October 2020

Ballota nigra

Ballota nigra is a perennial herb of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region and to central Asia. It is also naturalized in Argentina, New Zealand, and the Eastern United States. It blooms in the Northern Hemisphere from May to August.

Uses

Nervous dyspepsia, Travelling sickness, Morning sickness in pregnancy, Arthritis, Gout.

Parts Used

Flowers.

Chemical Composition

Ballota nigra contains diterpenoids like marrubiin, ballonigrin, ballotinone, ballotenol and 7-acetoxymarrubiin. Also, it contains phenylpropanoids that have shown to be antioxidants[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Avarike
Hindi Tarwar
Malayalam
Tamil Avarai
Telugu Taṃgēḍu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Aaavartaki
English Avaram senna


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Perennial herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Opposite Decussate Range from oval-lanceolate to heart-shaped, with crenate or dentate border. Leaves, dark green and usually pubescent, measure 3–8 cm per 2–6 cm, and have 1–3 cm petiole.

.[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Length 9–10 mm, width 7 mm Purple to withish, pink Ovary is superior, with a single white style and a 2-parted stigma Flower has an actinomorphic calyx, made up by five sepals fused together in a tube with five teeths

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Cylindrical to ovoid 2 mm long Each fertilized flower produces a tetrad of black nutlets The basal end is flat and attached to the receptacle, while the top end is rounded or pointed. 12-20 seeds {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds.

How to plant/cultivate

Prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade[3]

Season to grow

[4]

Required Ecosystem/Climate

[5]

Kind of soil needed

Commonly seen growing in areas

Waste ground, Hedgerows, Shady places, Preferring nitrogen-rich, Moist

Photo Gallery

  • Flower

  • Leaves

  • Buds

  • Whole herb

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ Pharmacology
  2. ↑ Characteristics
  3. ↑ Cultivation details"\
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Season to grow
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Required Ecosystem/Climate

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Ballota_nigra_-_Black_horehound&oldid=53247"