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Difference between revisions of "Warburgia salutaris - Pepper-bark tree"

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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|The leaves are simple, elliptic to lanceolate, 4.5-11 x 1-3 cm}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|The leaves are simple, elliptic to lanceolate, 4.5-11 x 1-3 cm}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
−
{{Flower|Bisexual|7–10 mm|green|5|Flowers Season is June - August}}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|7–10 mm|Green|5|Flowers Season is June - August}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
−
{{Fruit||4 cm |Turning dark purple when ripe|skin leathery, glandular, black when mature|2 or more}}
+
{{Fruit||4 cm |Turning dark purple when ripe|Skin leathery, glandular, black when mature|2 or more}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/22311866.2014.936908?journalCode=tbap20 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/22311866.2014.936908?journalCode=tbap20 Chemical constituents]</ref>
  
−
<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Warburgia_salutaris.PDF "plant description"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Warburgia_salutaris.PDF Plant description]</ref>
  
−
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Warburgia+salutaris "Cultivation Details"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Warburgia+salutaris Cultivation Details]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629914001215 Warburgia salutaris on science direct]
 
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629914001215 Warburgia salutaris on science direct]
−
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283940421_A_phytochemical_basis_for_the_potential_use_of_Warburgia_salutaris_pepper bark tree leaves in the place_of_bark A phytochemical basis for the potential use of Warburgia salutaris ]
+
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283940421_A_phytochemical_basis_for_the_potential_use_of_Warburgia_salutaris_pepper-bark_tree_leaves_in_the_place_of_bark A phytochemical basis for the potential use of Warburgia salutaris ]
 
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13880209.2013.837935 The genus Warburgia: A review of its traditional uses and pharmacology]
 
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13880209.2013.837935 The genus Warburgia: A review of its traditional uses and pharmacology]
 
* [http://globaltrees.org/threatened-trees/trees/pepper-bark-tree/ Warburgia salutaris on globaltrees.org]
 
* [http://globaltrees.org/threatened-trees/trees/pepper-bark-tree/ Warburgia salutaris on globaltrees.org]

Latest revision as of 14:02, 3 September 2020

Warburgia salutaris, Pepper-bark tree

Warburgia salutaris is a species of tree in the Canellaceae family. It is found in Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Malawi and Zimbabwe. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Uses

Malaria, Cold, Chest pain, Cough, Muscle pains, Stomach aches, General body pains, Diarrhea, Sore throats

Parts Used

Leaves, Bark.

Chemical Composition

The major oil constituents were myrcene (27.5 %), limonene (16.9 %), and (E)-β-ocimene (11.1 %) and (Z)-β-ocimene (9.5 %) among the monoterpenes, with α-humulene (5.6 %) and β-caryophyllene (4.7 %) among the sesquiterpenes.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Pepper-bark tree


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Evergreen tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate The leaves are simple, elliptic to lanceolate, 4.5-11 x 1-3 cm

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual 7–10 mm Green 5 Flowers Season is June - August

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
4 cm Turning dark purple when ripe Skin leathery, glandular, black when mature 2 or more {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

A plant of the tropics, where it is found at elevations from 1,000 - 2,200 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 5 - 25°c, but can tolerate 10 - 35°[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Savannah woodland, Coastal forest, Afromontane forest.

Photo Gallery

  • Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg
  • Warburgia salutaris, loof en blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg
  • Warburgia salutaris, loof en blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, b.jpg
  • Warburgia salutaris, loof en blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, c.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Chemical constituents
  2. ↑ Plant description
  3. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Warburgia_salutaris_-_Pepper-bark_tree&oldid=52097"