Difference between revisions of "Calophyllum inophyllum - Punnaga"

Revision as of 15:58, 18 December 2019

Punnaga, Calophyllum inophyllum

Punnagais a moderate sized tree with smooth and shining oppositely arranged leaves. The fruits are used to make oil. Calophyllum inophyllum usually occurs naturally all along the coast, on beaches and further inland as well.

Uses

Gastritis, Nasal bleeding, Psychiatric disorders, Diarrhea, Ulcer, Dysentery, Urinary tract infection ^[1]

Parts Used

Seeds, Bark, Oil

Chemical Composition

The root bark and heartwood contain xanthones. The xanthones exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in rats against carrageenan-induce oedema; also CNS depressant activity. Jacareubin and 6-deoxy derivatives exhibited antiulcer activity in rats. Calophyllolide, a complex 5-Phcoumarin isolated from nuts, showed antiarrhythmic (as effective as quinidine), bradycardiac coronary dilator, and anticoagulant, also anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. ^[2]

Common names

Language	Common name
Kannada	honne kaayi mara, naameru, marasurahonne
Hindi	sultanachampa, surpunka, undi
Malayalam	ceruppuna, ponnakum, pouna, punna
Tamil	cayantakam, punnagam, punnai-maram
Telugu	naameru, nameru, ponna, ponna chettu
Marathi	NA
Gujarathi	NA
Punjabi	NA
Kashmiri	NA
Sanskrit	namaeruak, panchakaeshera, punnaga
English	Alexanrian laurel

^[3]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Madhura (Sweet), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Rooksha (Dry)

Veerya

Sheeta (cold)

Vipaka

Madhura (Sweet)

Karma

Pitta, Kapha

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind	Shape	Feature
Simple	Opposite	Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong or obovate, cuneate to rounded at base, slightly recurved and margined, rounded, acute, slightly emarginate, retuse or sub-acute at apex, 6-15 x 3-10.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous; midnerve channelled above; raised beneath; lateral nerves 4-20 pairs; petioles flat, 1-1.7 cm long, glabrous.

^[4]

Flower

Type	Size	Color and composition	Stamen	More information
Bisexual	axillary racemes	white		Flowers polygamous, 2-2.5 cm across, white, fragrant; bracts ovate, 3-4 mm long, caducous; pedicels 1-3 cm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, reflexed; outer pair ovate to suborbicular, concave, 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-6.5 mm, nerved; the inner subelliptic, 9-15 x 7.5-9.5 mm, petaloid, nerved. Petals usually 4, rarely 3 or 5, obovate to elliptic or oblong, reflexed, 9-12 x 5-9 mm, rarely glabrous, nerved. Stamens (175-) 210-360(-440); filaments 3.5-5.5 mm long, connate for 1.5 mm into 4-6 bundles, cream coloured; anthers rounded or retuse at apex, 0.7-2 mm long. Ovary globose-depressed, 2.5-3 x 2.8-3 mm, stipitate; style 4.5-6.5 mm long; stigmas peltate, 3-5 radiate, 0.7-2 mm across.

Fruit

Type	Size	Mass	Appearance	Seeds	More information
Drupe	2.5-5 x 2.5-4 cm	smooth; stone subglobose, ca 2 cm across.			{{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Season to grow

Soil type

Propagation

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Coastal area.

Photo Gallery

Habit
Flower
Flower and leaves
Flower and leaves
Worn at July 4th Parade in Hawaii
Fruits
Fruits

References

External Links

[Uses-1] Uses

[Chemical_composition-2] Chemical composition

[Common_names-3] Vernacular names

[Leaf-4] BOTANIC DESCRIPTION

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Parts Used==
-{{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
+{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
 ==Chemical Composition==