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Created page with "thumb|right|''Veratrum nigrum'', ''Black false hellebore'' '''Veratrum nigrum''' (common name '''black false helle..."
[[File:Ciemiężyca czarna Veratrum nigrum flowers 01.jpg|thumb|right|''Veratrum nigrum'', ''Black false hellebore'']]
'''Veratrum nigrum''' (common name '''black false hellebore''') is a widespread Eurasian species of perennial flower of the family Melanthiaceae. Despite its common name, V. nigrum is not closely related to the true hellebores, nor does it resemble them.
The plant was widely known even in ancient times. For example, Lucretius (ca. 99 BCE – ca. 55 BCE) and Pliny the Elder (23 AD – August 25, 79) both knew of its medicinal emetic as well as deadly toxic properties.
== Description ==
The plant has a robust black rhizome. Simple angiosperm leaves arranged in a whorled pattern emerge from the base of the plant. Each whorl is decussate (rotated by half the angle between the leaves in the whorl below), with only two or three whorls around the base. Each leaf is sessile (attaching directly to the plant), and about 12 inches (300 mm) in length. The leaves are broad, glabrous (smooth), lanceolate in shape, with entire (smooth) edges. The veins in the leaves branch immediately from the base and run parallel through the leaf, leaving a pleated look. Long, green, coarse, woody spike racemes branch off in decussate patterns from the main trunk, with short pedicels supporting a single flower. The flowers are purple-black, giving the plant its name.
Veratrum nigrum blooms in early summer for several weeks, but goes dormant in intense summer heat. It tends to grow in colonies, and attains a height of about 4 feet (1.2 m). Its racemes branch out to about 24 inches (610 mm) in width. The seed heads are crimson in color.[8] Plants grown from seeds will generally push through the earth and sprout leaves in early spring.
== Uses ==
*The dry root of Veratrum nigrum can lower blood pressure and slow heart rate, possibly by stimulating the vagus nerve, if taken in small doses internally.<ref name="uses"/>
* It has been used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure, and to treat pre-eclampsia during pregnancy.<ref name="uses2"/>
*Cyclopamine is under investigation as a possible treatment for several cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma) and skin disorders (such as psoriasis), which result from excessive Hh activity.
*In Asia, an extract of the herb is mixed with water in a 1 percent to 5 percent solution and used in many rural areas to kill fleas, their larvae, and their eggs in toilets.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="uses">Huang, The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, 1998, p. 246.</ref>
<ref name="uses2">Barceloux, Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances, 2008, p. 815.</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratrum_nigrum Veratrum nigrum]
[[Category:Herbs]]
'''Veratrum nigrum''' (common name '''black false hellebore''') is a widespread Eurasian species of perennial flower of the family Melanthiaceae. Despite its common name, V. nigrum is not closely related to the true hellebores, nor does it resemble them.
The plant was widely known even in ancient times. For example, Lucretius (ca. 99 BCE – ca. 55 BCE) and Pliny the Elder (23 AD – August 25, 79) both knew of its medicinal emetic as well as deadly toxic properties.
== Description ==
The plant has a robust black rhizome. Simple angiosperm leaves arranged in a whorled pattern emerge from the base of the plant. Each whorl is decussate (rotated by half the angle between the leaves in the whorl below), with only two or three whorls around the base. Each leaf is sessile (attaching directly to the plant), and about 12 inches (300 mm) in length. The leaves are broad, glabrous (smooth), lanceolate in shape, with entire (smooth) edges. The veins in the leaves branch immediately from the base and run parallel through the leaf, leaving a pleated look. Long, green, coarse, woody spike racemes branch off in decussate patterns from the main trunk, with short pedicels supporting a single flower. The flowers are purple-black, giving the plant its name.
Veratrum nigrum blooms in early summer for several weeks, but goes dormant in intense summer heat. It tends to grow in colonies, and attains a height of about 4 feet (1.2 m). Its racemes branch out to about 24 inches (610 mm) in width. The seed heads are crimson in color.[8] Plants grown from seeds will generally push through the earth and sprout leaves in early spring.
== Uses ==
*The dry root of Veratrum nigrum can lower blood pressure and slow heart rate, possibly by stimulating the vagus nerve, if taken in small doses internally.<ref name="uses"/>
* It has been used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure, and to treat pre-eclampsia during pregnancy.<ref name="uses2"/>
*Cyclopamine is under investigation as a possible treatment for several cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma) and skin disorders (such as psoriasis), which result from excessive Hh activity.
*In Asia, an extract of the herb is mixed with water in a 1 percent to 5 percent solution and used in many rural areas to kill fleas, their larvae, and their eggs in toilets.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="uses">Huang, The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, 1998, p. 246.</ref>
<ref name="uses2">Barceloux, Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances, 2008, p. 815.</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratrum_nigrum Veratrum nigrum]
[[Category:Herbs]]
