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Created page with "'''Milk thistle''' (Silybum) is a genus of two species of thistles in the (daisy family).<ref name="int"/> The plants are native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, North..."
'''Milk thistle''' (Silybum) is a genus of two species of thistles in the (daisy family).<ref name="int"/> The plants are native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. One species has been introduced elsewhere, including in North America. The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Historically, these milky bands were said to be Mother Mary's milk, and this is the origin of another common name, St. Mary's thistle. The most widespread species is Silybum marianum.<ref name="int2"/>
== Description ==
Members of this genus grow as annual or biennial plants. The erect stem is tall, branched and furrowed but not spiny. The large, alternate leaves are waxy-lobed, toothed and thorny, as in other genera of thistle. The lower leaves are cauline (attached to the stem without petiole). The upper leaves have a clasping base. They have large, disc-shaped pink-to-purple, rarely white, solitary flower heads at the end of the stem. The flowers consist of tubular florets. The phyllaries under the flowers occur in many rows, with the outer row with spine-tipped lobes and apical spines. The fruit is a black achene with a white pappus.<ref name="des"/>
== Uses ==
*For many centuries extracts of milk thistle have been recognized as "liver tonics." [12] Milk thistle has been reported to have protective effects on the liver and to greatly improve its function. It is typically used to treat liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation), toxin-induced liver damage including the prevention of severe liver damage from Amanita phalloides ('death cap' mushroom poisoning), and gallbladder disorders.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="int">[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100367561 Tropicos, Silybum Vaill.]</ref>
<ref name="int2">[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=silybum+marianum Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo mariano, Blessed Milkthistle, Variegated Thistle, silybe de Marie, Mariendistel, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.]</ref>
<ref name="des">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024549 Flora of North America, Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 164, Blessed milkthistle, Silybum marianum (Linnaeus) Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 378. 1791.]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silybum Silybum]
[[Category:Herbs]]
== Description ==
Members of this genus grow as annual or biennial plants. The erect stem is tall, branched and furrowed but not spiny. The large, alternate leaves are waxy-lobed, toothed and thorny, as in other genera of thistle. The lower leaves are cauline (attached to the stem without petiole). The upper leaves have a clasping base. They have large, disc-shaped pink-to-purple, rarely white, solitary flower heads at the end of the stem. The flowers consist of tubular florets. The phyllaries under the flowers occur in many rows, with the outer row with spine-tipped lobes and apical spines. The fruit is a black achene with a white pappus.<ref name="des"/>
== Uses ==
*For many centuries extracts of milk thistle have been recognized as "liver tonics." [12] Milk thistle has been reported to have protective effects on the liver and to greatly improve its function. It is typically used to treat liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation), toxin-induced liver damage including the prevention of severe liver damage from Amanita phalloides ('death cap' mushroom poisoning), and gallbladder disorders.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="int">[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100367561 Tropicos, Silybum Vaill.]</ref>
<ref name="int2">[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=silybum+marianum Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo mariano, Blessed Milkthistle, Variegated Thistle, silybe de Marie, Mariendistel, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.]</ref>
<ref name="des">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024549 Flora of North America, Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 164, Blessed milkthistle, Silybum marianum (Linnaeus) Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 378. 1791.]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silybum Silybum]
[[Category:Herbs]]
