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[[File:Zanthoxylum rhetsa 6647.jpg|thumb|right|''Asvaghra'', ''Zanthoxylum rhetsa'']]
'''Asvaghra''' is a moderate sized deciduous tree with pinnate leaves found in evergreen and moist deciduous forests. The leaves and trunk are prickly. It is a tree in the lemon family.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Cardiac ailments}}, {{Uses|Hemarrhoids}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Ulcers}}<Ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
==Chemical Composition==
The chemical composition of the volatile oil of Zanthoxylum rhetsa seed coat was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four compounds, accounting for 87.4% of the oil were identifed. The major compounds were terpinen-4-ol (32.1%), α-terpineol (8.2%), sabinene (8.1%), β-phellandrene (7.4%) and 2-undecanone (7.1%).<Ref name="Chemical Composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=arempalaArempala, juminam, kadumenasu, aramadala, kavateJuminam|ml=Mullilam, Mulliyllam, Karimurikku, Kattumurikku|sa=tejovati, tejasvini, ashvaghraTejovati, laghuvalkalaTejasvini|ta=karuncurai, kattumurukku, mullilamKaruncurai, iraccaiKattumurukku|te=rhetsaRhetsa-man, morapu, raccamanu, racha, rachamam, rachchamanu,Morapu|hi=pepuli, badrang, budrungPepuli, jaladhariBadrang|en=Indian prickly ash-tree}} <ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Pinnate|Alternate|bark Bark 15-20 mm thick, brown, mottled with white, armed with conical prickles; outer bark dead, corky, pale yellow, inner bark sulphur yellow; branchlets woody, terete, sparsely prickly.Leaves imparipinnate, alternate, clustered at the tips of branchlets, estipulate; leaflets 13-23, opposite or subopposite, 6-19 x 3-6.5 cm, oblong, elliptic-oblong, oblong-ovate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, base oblique, margin entire or crenate, glabrous, punctate, coriaceous; petiolule 1-5 mm long;rachis 30-45 cm long slightly grooved above when young, becoming cylindric on maturity, usually prickly, glabrous; lateral nerves 6-12 pairs, slender, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate, faint. }}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual, Terminal cymose panicles|2-3mm across|greenishGreenish-yellow|4|male Male flowers: sepals 4, ovate-triangular, fimbriate along margin, green; petals 4, free, elliptic-oblong, white or creamy yellow, valvate; stamens 4, anthers oblong, yellow; disc lobulate; pistillodes solitary; female flowers: sepals & petals as in male flowers; staminodes absent; disc pulvinate; ovary superior, 4-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style eccentric; stigma truncate. }}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Capsule|||capsuleCapsule, of 1-4 cocci, purplish, tubercled, aromatic|seeds Seeds globose, smooth, blue-black|Seeds used as a spice}}
===Other features===
==How to plant/cultivate==
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe. Stored seed may requires up to 3 months cold stratification, though scarification may also help. Germination should take place within 6 months, though it might take another 12 months. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them until large enough to plant out. Cuttings of half-ripe wood. Root cuttings, 3cm long, planted horizontally in pots. Good percentage. Suckers, removed when the plant is dormant, and planted direct into their permanent positions. <ref name="Cultivation details"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
<ref name="Leaf">FLOWERING PLANTS OF KERALA VER 2.0, N SASIDHARAN "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"</ref>
<ref name="Uses">[http://www.ayurvedavignan.com/2013/05/zanthoxylum-rhetsa.html/ "Uses"]</ref><ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/index.php/bot_search "Vernacular names"]</ref><ref name="Cultivation details">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Zanthoxylum+rhetsa "Cultivation details]</ref> <ref name="Chemical Composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700364#:~:text=The%20chemical%20composition%20of%20the,2%2Dundecanone%20(7.1%25). Chemical Composition]</ref>
</references>
