Changes

Four compounds (quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) have been isolated by use of Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC and characterized by means of NMR and ESI-MS. Furthermore, HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS analysis of the red pigment of M. nigra fruits revealed the presence of four anthocyanins recognized as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside<ref name="chemical composition"/>

{{Leaf|Simple|round Round in outline|10–20 cm (4–8 in) long by 6–10 cm (2–4 in) broad - up to 23 cm (9 in) long on vigorous shoots, downy on the underside, the upper surface rough with very short, stiff hairs.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>

{{Fruit|Simple Fruit|ovoidOvoid|2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) long, a compound cluster of several small drupes|dark Dark purple, almost black|}}

The black mulberry was imported into Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms (Bombyx mori). It was unsuccessful because silkworms prefer the white mulberry but has left a legacy of large and old trees in many country house gardens.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>

<ref name="chemical composition">[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf703709r "Chemistry"]</ref>

<ref name="Leaf">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_nigra "Morphology"]</ref>

<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_nigra "Cultivation"]</ref>