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Mandragora autumnalis

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{{stub}}[[File:Mandragora autumnalis1432.JPG|thumb|right|''Mandragora autumnalis'']] '''Mandragora autumnalis''', known as mandrake or autumn mandrake, is recognized by some sources as a separate species from Mandragora officinarum, although with different circumscriptions. Others regard it as merely part of this very variable species. Plants given the name Mandragora autumnalis consist of a rosette of leaves up to 60 cm (2 ft) across, close to the ground, with a central group of usually purplish flowers followed by yellow or orange berries. The large tap-roots as well as the leaves contain alkaloids and are toxic. They have traditional uses as herbal medicines.  
==Uses==
{{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|}}, {{Uses|Preoperative anesthetic}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|}}, {{Parts Used|stem}}, {{Parts Used|leaves}}, {{Parts Used|RootRoots}}.
==Chemical Composition==
All species of Mandragora contain highly biologically active alkaloids, tropane alkaloids in particular. Jackson and Berry were unable to find any differences in the composition of these chemicals between Mandragora autumnalis and Mandragora officinarum (using the broader definition of M. autumnalis). Alkaloids present included hyoscyamine, hyoscine, cuscohygrine, apoatropine, 3-alpha-tigloyloxytropane, 3-alpha,6-beta-ditigloyloxytropane and belladonnine. Non-alkaloid constituents included sitosterol and beta-methylesculetin (scopoletin).<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|sa=|en=|gu=|hi=|kn=|ksml=|mlsa=|mrta=|pate=|tahi=|teen=Autumn Mandrake}}
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
 
===Rasa===
 
===Guna===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Herbs}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Roundish|Alternate, rosette, entire, dentate or serrate}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower||15-30 cm |corolla, Violet|}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|||||5|Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, accrescent, with 5 wide triangular lobes}}
===Other features===
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|root}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
It likes a light, deep soil, as the roots run far down. They will do poorly in a soil that is chalky or excessively gravelly. If the soil is too wet in winter, the roots will rot. It is propagated from seeds which should be sown in deep flats or, better, singly in pots. These should be kept well-watered and when they reach a good size they should be carefully set out at least 2 feet apart.
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|}}, {{Commonly seen|Garden area}}.
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Mandrake (Mandragora Autumnalis) Root.jpg
File:Mandragora autumnalis 003.jpg
File:Mandragora autumnalis - ripe fruit.jpg
File:Mandragora autumnalis1432.JPG
 
</gallery>
==References==
 
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.samorini.it/doc1/alt_aut/ek/jackson.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
<ref name="chemical compositionLeaf">["Chemistry"]<http://www.flowersinisrael.com/ref> <ref name="Leaf">["Morphology"Mandragoraautumnalis_page.htm Plant description]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[ "Cultivation"]<http://ref><ref name="Uses">Indian Medicinal Plants by Cwww.perennials.Pcom/plants/malva-sylvestris-zebrina.Kharehtml Cultivation Details]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [ http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/200201829.html Mandragora autumnalis]* [ ]* [ ]  
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Pages without herbs images]]
Mohan KG
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