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Gum arabic,<ref name="Gum arabic"/> '''Vachellia nilotica''' also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from Acacia nilotica which was called the "gum arabic tree"; in . In the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely Acacia senegal and Vachellia (Acacia) seyal. Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia—though it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.

Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It is the original source of the sugars arabinose and ribose==Uses=={{Uses|dysentery}}, both of which were first discovered and isolated from it{{Uses|leprosy}}, and are named after it.{{Uses|coughs}}, {{Uses|intestinal pains}}, {{Uses|cancers}}, {{Uses|tumours}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|chest problems}}

Gum arabic is used primarily in the food industry as a stabilizer. It is edible and has E number E414. Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, paint production, glue, cosmetics and various industrial applications, including viscosity control in inks and in textile industries, though less expensive materials compete with it for many of these roles{{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.

While ==Chemical Composition==The plant yields a gum arabic is now produced throughout containing arabin as the chief constituent. Other constituents of the African Sahelgum include tannic and gallic acids, it cresol (an antiseptic), methyl salicylate, complex salts of calcium, magnesium and potassium, galactose, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose and 4 aldobiouronic acids<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Ruksha (Dry), Guru (heavy)===Veerya===Sheeta (cold)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Petiole|The twice-compound (i.e. bipinnate) leaves are dark green in colour and have a feathery appearance}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|6-15 mm|Yellow|5-20|Flowers are densely arranged into small globular clusters and flowering from March to July}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Elongated pod|6-25 cm long|These greyish-green pods are covered in tiny soft hairs|With hooked hairs|-}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is still harvested and used in ==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the Middle Eastsaplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. For example ==How to plant/cultivate==Gum arabic succeeds in subtropical to tropical lowland areas and at elevations up to 1, Arab populations use 300 metres[303 ]. It thrives in areas with an annual rainfall in the natural gum range of 400 - 2,300mm<ref name="How to make a chilledplant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Woodlands of various sorts}}, sweetened{{Commonly seen|Wooded grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|Scrub and flavored gelatothickets}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">09-like dessert05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (1).JPG 09-05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (2).JPG

*Gum arabic's mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins gives it the properties of a glue and binder that is edible by humans.*Other substances have replaced it where toxicity is not an issue, and as the proportions of the various chemicals in gum arabic vary widely and make it unpredictable. Still, it remains an important ingredient in soft drink syrup and "hard" gummy candies such as gumdrops, marshmallows, and M&M's chocolate candies. *For artists, it is the traditional binder in watercolor paint, in photography for gum printing, and it is used as a binder in pyrotechnic compositions. *Pharmaceutical drugs and cosmetics also use the gum as a binder, emulsifying agent, and a suspending or viscosity increasing agent.*Wine makers have used gum arabic as a wine fining agent.*It is an important ingredient in shoe polish, and can be used in making homemade incense cones. *It is also used as a lickable adhesive, for example on postage stamps, envelopes, and cigarette papers. Lithographic printers employ it to keep the non-image areas of the plate receptive to water. This treatment also helps to stop oxidation of aluminium printing plates in the interval between processing of the plate and its use on a printing press.*Gum arabic is used as an emulsifier and a thickening agent in icing, fillings, chewing gum and other confectionery treatsAcacia (Vachellia) nilotica.jpg

<references><ref name="Gum arabicchemical composition">[http://www.mpbd.info/plants/acacia-nilotica.php "chemical costituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://enkeyserver.wikipedialucidcentral.org/wikiweeds/Gum_arabic data/media/Html/vachellia_nilotica.htm "plant morphology"]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vachellia+nilotica "wikipediaCultivation details"]</ref>