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[[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|right|''Urtica dioica'', ''Stinging nettle'']]
'''Stinging nettle''', often called '''common nettle, Urtica dioica''' (although not all plants of this species sting) or '''nettle leaf''', is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America,<ref name="int"/> and introduced elsewhere. The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals.<ref name="int2"/> The plant has a long history of use as a source of medicine, food, and fibre.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
== Uses Chemical Composition==The principal chemicals of interest are the sterols and steryl glycosides, including beta-sitosterol. Nettle root also contains lignans (e.g. secoisolariciresinol) and six isolectins collectively referred to as UDA (Urtica dioica agglutinin)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common name=Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
== References Identification== <references>===Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|The thin, bright to dark green leaves are positioned opposite, with saw-toothed margins and infamous stinging hairs on the underside}}<ref name="intLeaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Tiny, greenish-white flowers are arranged in clusters on slender, branched spikes formed in the leaf axils}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Stinging nettle produces a small, dry, oval-shaped|Fruits are clustered along drooping flower spikes|1}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74146.html "Burning & Stinging Nettles"Vishatinduka Taila]]</ref>as ''root juice extract'' <ref name="int2">[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iJjI6yDNmr8C&pgWhere to get the saplings===PA170&redir_esc=y#vMode of Propagation=onepage&q&f=false The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. Oxford University Press US. p. 170. ]< ==How to plant/ref>cultivate==Prefers a soil rich in phosphates and nitrogen. Plants must be grown in a deep rich soil if good quality fibre is required<ref name="desHow to plant/cultivate"/>[https://books ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen|hedgerows}}, {{Commonly seen|Rich soil area}}.google.co.in/books?id ==4yi7-j48uhIC&pgPhoto Gallery=PA1104&redir_esc=y Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons]</ref><ref namegallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="uses140px">[httpsFile:Urtica dioica 1.jpgImage:Lamium album no flowers.jpgImage://wwwUrtica dioica39 ies.ncbijpg|Seedlings among grassImage:Urtica dioica40 ies.nlmjpg|Seedlings among grassImage:Urtica dioica04 ies.nihjpg|Young plantsImage:Urtica dioica large stand.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine jpgImage:Urtica- An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"]dioica4.jpg</refgallery> ==References== <references><ref name="uses2chemical composition">[httphttps://www.bbcmdidea.co.ukcom/dnaproducts/place-londonnew/plain/A1310950 new00903.html "Stinging Nettleschemical constituents"]</ref></references>
<ref name== External Links =="Leaf">[https://www.cropscience.bayer.com/en/crop-compendium/pests-diseases-weeds/weeds/urtica-dioica "plant description"]</ref>
==External Links==
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349212/ Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle ]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/urtica-dioica Urtica dioica on science direct]
* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260630-2 Urtica dioica on plants for future.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]