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Symplocarpus foetidus - Skunk cabbage

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[[File:Eastern Skunk Cabbage along brook in sprintime.jpg|thumb|right|''Skunk cabbage'']]
'''Skunk cabbage''' or '''Symplocarpus foetidus''', commonly known as skunk cabbage<ref name="int"/> or eastern skunk cabbage (also swamp cabbage, clumpfoot cabbage, or meadow cabbage, foetid pothos or polecat weed), is a low growing, foul-smelling plant that grows in wetlands of eastern North America.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|bronchitis}}, {{Uses|vomiting}}, {{Uses|headaches}}, {{Uses|dizziness}}, {{Uses|nervous disorders}}, {{Uses|whooping cough}}, {{Uses|catarrh}}, {{Uses|fever}}, {{Uses|epilepsy}} ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}. ==Chemical Composition==Characteristic aroma-active compounds in the oils were detected by GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). From the HD method, the main compounds in the oil were found to be p-vinyl-guaiacol (15.5%), 2-pentyl-furan (13.4%), and (Z)-ligustilide (9.5%). From the SAFE method, the main compounds were 2-butoxy-ethanol (49.6%), ethyl-pentanoate (4.5%), and mesitylene (4.0%)<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Herb}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|A vibrant yellow-green, springing up along streams and other wetland areas when the rest of the forest floor is still wintry}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual| 2-6" high|yellow or green|5|Inside is the round or ovoid spadix, a fleshy axis bearing the tiny true flowers}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm |clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|-|many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Succeeds in sun or shade in a deep moist to wet lime-free soil that is rich in organic matter[200]. Grows well in a bog garden or along the wet banks of streams and ponds<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Marshes}}, {{Commonly seen|bogs}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Image:Symplocarpus foetidus 003.JPGImage:Symplocarpus foetidus leaf.jpg|in Mount Nōgōhaku Skunk Cabbage (5659826958).jpg
Eastern skunk cabbage has leaves which are large, 40–55 cm Skunk Cabbage (15.5–21.5 inSymplocarpus foetidus) long and 30–40 cm (12–15.5 in22033416072) broad. It flowers early in the spring when only the flowers are visible above the mud. The stems[clarification needed] remain buried below the surface of the soil with the leaves emerging later. The flowers are produced on a 5–10 cm jpgFlickr - Nicholas T - Welsh Mountain Nature Preserve (2–4 in4) long spadix contained within a spathe, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tall and mottled purple in colour. The rhizome is often 30 cm jpg Flickr - Nicholas T - Welsh Mountain Nature Preserve (0.98 ft5) thick.jpg
== Uses ==</gallery>
*It was used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, nervous disorders, rheumatism, and dropsy.*In North America and Europe, skunk cabbage is occasionally cultivated in water gardens.<ref name="uses"/> Skunk cabbage was used extensively as a medicinal plant, seasoning, and magical talisman by various tribes of Native Americans.*While not considered edible raw, because the roots are toxic and the leaves can burn the mouth, the leaves may be dried and used in soups and stews.<ref name="uses2"/>References==
==Common <references> <ref name=="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632948 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
* '''English''' - skunk cabbage<ref name="Leaf">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090707232916/http://mdflora.org/plantinfo/plantofthemonth/pim_skunk_cabbage.html "plant description"]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName= References ==Symplocarpus+foetidus "Cultivation details"]</ref></references>
<references>==External Links==<ref name="int">* [https://plantsacademics.usdaskidmore.govedu/wikis/coreNorthWoods/profile?symbol=SYFO USDA PLANTS Database: Sindex. php/Symplocarpus_foetidus_(Skunk_cabbage) Symplocarpus foetiduson academics.skidmore.edu]</ref><ref name="uses">* [http://www.eflorasillinoiswildflowers.orginfo/wetland/plants/florataxonskunk_cabbage.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027331 Flora of North America: Shtm Symplocarpus foetidus on illinois wild flowers. foetidusinfo]</ref><ref name="uses2">* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090707232916/http://mdflorapracticalplants.org/plantinfo/plantofthemonthwiki/pim_skunk_cabbage.html "Wildflower in Focus: Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus_foetidus Symplocarpus foetidus"on practicalplants.org]</ref></references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplocarpus_foetidus Symplocarpus foetidus]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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