The '''strychnine tree''' ('''Strychnos nux-vomica L.'''), also known as strychnine tree,<ref name="int"/> nux vomica, poison nut, semen strychnos and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India, and southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats. Its leaves are ovate and 2–3.5 inches (5.1–8.9 cm) in size.
It is a major source of the highly poisonous==Uses=={{Uses|body paralysisWounds}}, intensely bitter alkaloids strychnine and brucine{{Uses|skin diseases}}, derived from the seeds inside the tree's round{{Uses|scabies}}, green to orange fruit. The seeds contain approximately 1.5% strychnine{{Uses|itching}}, and the dried blossoms contain 1.0%. However{{Uses|infections}}, the tree's bark also contains brucine and other poisonous compounds.{{Uses|fever}}, {{Uses|wounds}}, {{Uses|acne}}, {{Uses|skin care}}
== Description Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|bark}}, {{Parts Used|roots}}, {{Parts Used|leaves}} ==Chemical Composition==Thirteen alkaloids were isolated from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. They were identified as strychnine, beta-colubrine, pseudostrychnine, strychnine N-oxide, brucime, brucine N-oxide, novacine, icajine, vomicine, isostrychnine, isobrucine, isobrucine N-oxide and isostrychnine N-oxide by chemical and spectroscopic analysis.<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent)===Guna===Laghu (Light)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Evergreen Tree}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|opposite|The leaves are opposite, short-stalked, oval, shining, smooth on both sides}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|The flowers are small, greenish-white, funnel-shaped, in small, terminal cymes, with a disagreeable odor}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|berry|7–10 mm|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|covered with a smooth|3-6}}
Strychnos nux-vomica is a medium-sized tree with a short thick trunk. The wood is dense, hard white, and close-grained. The branches are irregular and are covered with a smooth ashen bark. The young shoots are a deep green colour with a shiny coat. The leaves have an opposite decussate arrangement, short stalked, are oval shaped, also have a shiny coat and are smooth on both sides. The leaves are about 4 inches (10 cm) long and 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide. The flowers are small with a pale green colour with a funnel shape. They bloom in the cold season and have a foul smell. The fruit are about the size of a large apple with a smooth and hard shell which when ripened is a mild shade orange colour. The flesh of the fruit is soft and white with a jelly-like pulp containing five seeds covered with a soft woolly substance.===Other features===
The seeds are removed from the fruit when ripe. They are then cleaned, dried and sorted. The seeds have the shape ==List of a flattened disk completely covered with hairs radiating from the center of the sides. This gives Ayurvedic medicine in which the seeds a very characteristic sheen. The seeds are very hard, with a dark gray horny endosperm where the small embryo herb is housed that gives off no odor but possesses a very bitter taste. The plant is native to southeast Asia and Australia normally in tropical and subtropical areas.used==Seedling of nux vomica* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
The properties of nux vomica are those of ==Where to get the alkaloid strychnine. Strychnine is eliminated with a half-life saplings====Mode of about 12 hoursPropagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.<ref name="des"/>
== Uses How to plant/cultivate==A plant of the moist tropics. It is found in areas where the mean annual rainfall is in the range 1,200 - 3,500mm, Requires a sunny position<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
Strychnos is promoted within herbal medicine as being a treatment for a wide range ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of maladies including cancer forests and heart disease. There is however no evidence it is useful for treating any condition. Since the seeds contain strychnine poison, conventional doctors do not recommend it as a medicinefields}}.
In Ayurveda (the Indian system of medicine), hudar is a mixture containing Strychnos nux-vomica. The seeds are first immersed in water for five days, in milk for two days followed by their boiling in milk.==Photo Gallery==<ref namegallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="uses140px"/> In India, the quality/toxicity of traditional medical crude and processed Strychnos seeds can be controlled by examining the toxic alkaloids using established HPLC methods and/or HPLC-UV methodsCây Mã Tiền mùa ra trái.jpg
==common name==Lá cây Mã tiền.jpg
* '''English''' Poison Nut Tree - Nux Vomicaകാഞ്ഞിരം 03.JPG * '''kannada''' - ಹೆಮ್ಮುಷ್ಟಿ * '''Hindi''' Poison Nut Tree - बैलवा കാഞ്ഞിരം 04.JPG </gallery> ==References==
== References == <references><ref name="intchemical composition">[https://plantswww.usdancbi.nlm.nih.gov/corepubmed/profile?symbol=STNU4 7912074 "Strychnos nux-vomicachemical constituents"]</ref> <ref name="desLeaf">[httphttps://ccforumwww.biomedcentralhenriettes-herb.com/articleseclectic/10kings/strychnos-nux.1186/cc1549 html "Case report: survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic dataplant description"]</ref> <ref name="usesHow to plant/cultivate">[http://journalstropical.sfutheferns.ca/africaneminfo/indexviewtropical.php/ajtcam/article/view/487 "Use of ?id=Strychnos nux%20nux-vomica (azraqi) seeds in Unani system of medicine: role of detoxification"Cultivation Details"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links == *[https://enwww.wikipediasciencedirect.orgcom/topics/wikipharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/Strychnos_nuxstrychnos-nux-vomica Strychnos nuxvomica on science direct]* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371563/ Strychnos nux-vomicaseeds: Pharmacognostical standardization, extraction, and antidiabetic activity]* [http://www.stuartxchange.org/StrychninePlant.html Strychnos nuxvomica on stuartxchange.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
