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Rubia cordifolia - Manjishtha

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'''Manjishtha''' or '''Rubia cordifolia''', often known as common madder or Indian madder, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|Uterine bleeding}}, {{Uses|Internal and external haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|bronchitis}}, {{Uses|rheumatism}}, {{Uses|stones in the kidney}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|bladder and gall}}, {{Uses|dysentery}}, {{Uses|Febrifuge}} ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}. ==Chemical Composition==Hydroxy-3-ethyl, anthraquinone, dihydroxy, pentyl-naphthaquinonyl, phenanthrene<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Chitravalli, Manjista|ml=Chovvallikkoti, Man-chetti|sa=Aruna, Asra|ta=Manjitti, Sevvelli|te=Chiranji, Manjishta|hi=Majith|en=Indian Madder, Common Madder}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Perennial plant}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Ovate|The evergreen leaves are 5-10 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|3-5 mm|Yellow|5-20|The flowers are small, with five greenish yellow or pale yellow petals, in dense racemes}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|black berry|4-6 mm|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Rubia cordifolia is a very adaptable plant, found growing in a range of climates from warm temperate to tropical<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Forest edges}}, {{Commonly seen|Scrub vegetation and dune forest}}, {{Commonly seen|Rocky areas}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Majitha (Gujarati- મજીઠ) (4846791432).jpg
It can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4Mancitti (Tamil-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3–5 mm acrossமஞ்சிட்டி), with five pale yellow petals, in dense racemes, and appear from June to August, followed by small (4–6 mm diameter4846178555) red to black berries. The roots can be over 1 m long, up to 12 mm thick. It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth.jpg
== Uses == Manjishta (Marathi- मंजिष्ठ) (6331765104).jpg  Manjishta (Telugu- మంజిష్ఠ) (6331763392).jpg
Rubia cordifolia was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth century. The plant's roots contain an organic compound called Alizarin, that gives its red colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder. It was also used as a colourant, especially for paint, that is referred to as Madder lake Manjishtha (Sanskrit- मञ्जिष्ठा) (6331764728).jpg
It is known as btsod in Traditional Tibetan Medicine where it is used to treat blood disorders; spread heat , excess heat in the lungs, kidneys, and intestines; reduce swelling; and is a component of the three reds , a subcompound included in many Tibetan preparations in order to remove excess heat in the blood.</gallery>
==References==
==Common <references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/rubia-cordifolia-a-review-on-pharmaconosy-and-phytochemistry/?view=fulltext "Phytochemical Studies"]</ref>
* '''English''' - Rubia cordifolia* '''Kannada''' - ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಟ* '''Hindi''' - मजीठ <ref name="Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Madder.html "plant decsripiton"]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id= External Links ==Rubia+cordifolia "Cultivation Details"]</ref></references>
==External Links==* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/manjistha-rubia-cordifolia Rubia cordifolia on planet ayurveda]*[https://enwww.wikipediamdidea.com/products/proper/proper09702.html Rubia cordifolia on Rubia cordifolia Plant Descriptions and Source.]* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/wikispecies/Rubia_cordifolia show/231021 Rubia cordifolia-Wikipediaon india biodiversity portal]* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Rubia+cordifolia+L. Rubia cordifolia on port4.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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